Parametric study of x-ray preionized high-pressure rare gas halide lasers

Steyer, M.; Voges, H.

doi:10.1007/bf00693877

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…At 9 and 10bar the output energy did not significantly differ from the measurements at 8 bar. However, this is different from the measurements of Steyer and Voges [5] who found a maximum output energy at 7 bar and a significant decrease of output energy at higher pressures. Their results are supported by Lo and Zheng [6] who measured a rapid decrease of gain at pressures higher than 7 bar.…”

Section: Operation Without a Multichannel Rail Gapcontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In this way a higher discharge voltage and current could be obtained. For the high pressure regime we found an output behaviour partially different from others [5,6], as will be discussed below.In this paper we describe the successful operation of a high pressure X-ray preionized XeC1 laser. Details of the operation characteristics of the MCRG are given.…”

contrasting

confidence: 42%

contrasting

confidence: 42%

“…Although numerous studies on large aperture X-ray preionized XeC1 lasers were performed at moderate gas pressures (up to about 5 bar) [24] little information exists on XeCI operation at higher pressures. Recently operation up to 10bar in this type of laser with comparable dimensions was described by Steyer and Voges [5]. In their laser system, however, discharge voltage and current, which have an important influence on the output energy, were limited because a thyratron was used for switching the main discharge.…”

Section: Pacs: 4255g 4260mentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-pressure behaviour of an X-ray preionized discharge pumped XeCl laser

Gerritsen

Ernst

1988

Appl. Phys. B

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Abstract. The output characteristics are described of an X-ray preionized discharge pumped XeC1 laser, fed by a low-impedance pulse forming line (PFL), at pressures up to 12 bar. The influence of a multichannel rail gap placed between the PFL and the laser head on the output energy was studied. We found an increase of output energy with increasing pressure up to 8 bar. At higher pressures a saturation behaviour was found. The maximum output energy per unit volume was 6.5 J/1. PACS: 42.55G, 42.60High-efficiency operation in a self-sustained avalanche discharge XeC1 laser can be achieved when the laser is operated at high buffer gas pressures. This has been shown by Ernst et al. [1] in a corona preionized system for pressures up to 10 bar.When operating at high pressures and large apertures, the use of X-rays for preionizing the gas is advantageous over UV from, for instance, a corona discharge or an array of spark discharges because of the higher mass penetration depth of X-rays. Besides this, gas contamination caused by sparks or a corona discharge does not occur in X-ray preionized systems. This is especially important when the system is operated at a high repetition rate. Special attention should be paid to the construction of the window which separates the X-ray source from the laser chamber at high pressures; this window should be strong enough to withstand high pressures and as thin as possible to let the low energy X-rays penetrate the laser medium fairly unhampered.In order to obtain a highly efficient operation of the laser it is important to keep the inductance of the circuit low so that the current rise time becomes very short and energy can be delivered to the gas medium rapidly. To lower the current rise time a multichannel rail gap is often used. An optimization study was performed for the use of such a gap. Although numerous studies on large aperture X-ray preionized XeC1 lasers were performed at moderate gas pressures (up to about 5 bar) [24] little information exists on XeCI operation at higher pressures. Recently operation up to 10bar in this type of laser with comparable dimensions was described by Steyer and Voges [5]. In their laser system, however, discharge voltage and current, which have an important influence on the output energy, were limited because a thyratron was used for switching the main discharge. In the system described below the main discharge is fed by a waterfilled, low-impedance pulse forming line (PFL). A selftriggered multichannel rail gap (MCRG) could be mounted between the PFL and the laser head. In this way a higher discharge voltage and current could be obtained. For the high pressure regime we found an output behaviour partially different from others [5,6], as will be discussed below.In this paper we describe the successful operation of a high pressure X-ray preionized XeC1 laser. Details of the operation characteristics of the MCRG are given.

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Section: Operation Without a Multichannel Rail Gapcontrasting

confidence: 99%

contrasting

confidence: 42%

contrasting

confidence: 42%

Section: Pacs: 4255g 4260mentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-pressure behaviour of an X-ray preionized discharge pumped XeCl laser

Gerritsen

Ernst

1988

Appl. Phys. B

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“…The achievable optical power per unit volume is generally considerably smaller than in small volume systems which mostly employ lumped circuits. It seldom exceeds 50 MW/1 for active volumes of more than I 1, whereas in small lasers (~50 cm3), 300 MW/I can be easily obtained [2].To achieve high pumping rates in a large aperture laser employing a lumped circuit, both low inductance electrical circuit and high charging voltage are needed. We employa combination of the waterline and the lumped circuit technology by using a number of parallel waterlines of short electrical length [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact, wide aperture X-ray preionized XeCl laser with high specific optical power

et al. 1989

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Abstract. An X-ray preionized, discharge-pumped XeC1 laser with a variable beam crosssection of up to 6 x 6 cm 2 is described. It uses fiat electrodes and the beam width is determined by X-ray collimation. Its operation characteristics concerning reduced electric field strength (E/p) and X-ray dose are discussed in detail. The inductance of the discharge loop is minimized using a water capacitor arrangement. A very high specific optical power (90 MW/1) is achieved in an active volume of 1.21. The pulse energy exceeds 5 J in a 45 ns pulse (FWHM).PACS: 42.55G, 42.60B, 52.80HFor the generation of intense UV laser pulses at the KrF and XeC1 wavelengths, a wide aperture, discharge-pumped excimer laser with a high excitation rate is of considerable interest. However, when scaling discharge-pumped systems to a larger cross-section (active volume) one faces the problem that the energy storage medium has to be low-inductively coupled to the main discharge. For pumping large volumes a pulse forming line (PFL) is usually employed and connected by a rail gap switch to the laser head to decrease the voltage rise-time [-1 ]. However, the pumping rate is limited by the given impedance of the PFL. In contrast to the total pump energy, the pump power is not increased with the length of the line. The achievable optical power per unit volume is generally considerably smaller than in small volume systems which mostly employ lumped circuits. It seldom exceeds 50 MW/1 for active volumes of more than I 1, whereas in small lasers (~50 cm3), 300 MW/I can be easily obtained [2].To achieve high pumping rates in a large aperture laser employing a lumped circuit, both low inductance electrical circuit and high charging voltage are needed. We employa combination of the waterline and the lumped circuit technology by using a number of parallel waterlines of short electrical length [3]. This arrangement has a very low inductance and is suitable for a charging voltage of 150 kV.X-ray preionization was chosen to provide a sufficiently high and spatially homogeneous initial electron distribution even at high pressures. Moreover, X-ray preionization allows easy variation of the beam cross-section and the use of flat electrodes [4,5]. By variation of the beam width which is determined by horizontal lead apertures, the pump current density can be varied and optimized.In this paper we report on a wide aperture (6 x 6 cm 2) XeC1 oscillator. The active volume of the laser can be varied up to 1.5 1. Under optimized conditions more than 5 J are generated in a 45 ns (FWHM) pulse corresponding to 4 J/1 and an average specific optical power of 90 MW/1. We performed detailed studies of the influence of electrical parameters and conditions of X-ray preionization.

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Densities and Life Time of Electrons in KrF* Laser Gas Mixtures During the X‐Ray Preionization

Müller

Neuber

Seelig

1993

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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The homogeneity and stability of TEA-Excimer laser discharges strongly depend on the preionization. A homogeneous discharge can only develope if it is ensured that the electron density exceeds a certain level at the moment of the ignition. The kinetic of these electrons during the preionization is analyzed theoretically by the use of the Boltzmann equation for x-ray preionized KrF* laser systems. The time dependent velocity distribution of the electrons is calculated for different buffer gases and gas mixtures. The resulting electron densities and life times are discussed and compared with experimental investigations. It is quantitatively shown at the first time that the kind of the buffer gas has a decisive influence on the velocity distribution, density and life time of the preionization electrons.

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Parametric study of x-ray preionized high-pressure rare gas halide lasers

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

High-pressure behaviour of an X-ray preionized discharge pumped XeCl laser

High-pressure behaviour of an X-ray preionized discharge pumped XeCl laser

Compact, wide aperture X-ray preionized XeCl laser with high specific optical power

Densities and Life Time of Electrons in KrF* Laser Gas Mixtures During the X‐Ray Preionization

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