Parametric study of 3D printed microneedle (MN) holders for interstitial fluid (ISF) extraction

Taylor, Robert M.; Maharjan, Dilendra; Moreu, Fernando; Baca, Justin T.

doi:10.1007/s00542-020-04758-0

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…We first produced MAs by designing and 3D printing linear prototypes. These were tested in animals to produce a working prototype for the experiments [ 16 ]. Our MA extraction approach collected 60–100 µL of ISF from single animals over 1–2 h while avoiding blistering or suction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Interstitial Fluid Ketone Monitoring with Microneedles

Taylor

Baca

2022

Metabolites

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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most dangerous and costly complications of diabetes, accounting for approximately 50% of deaths in diabetic individuals under 24 years. This results in over 130,000 hospital admissions yearly and costs the USA over USD 2.4 billion annually. Earlier diagnosis, treatment, and management of DKA are of critical importance to achieving better patient outcomes and preventing prolonged hospital admissions. Diabetic patients undergoing stress from illness or injury may not recognize early ketosis and often present advanced ketoacidosis, requiring intensive care admission. We have recently developed a microneedle-based technology to extract dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) from both animals and humans, which could enable wearable sensors to rapidly detect ketosis. Metabolite concentrations in ISF may differ in urine and blood and could likely represent local metabolic conditions in the surrounding tissue. Development of a wearable ketone detector will require an understanding of ketone concentrations and kinetics in ISF. Here, we report data that is first of its kind, with regard to the ketone concentrations present in the dermal ISF of rats, their correlation to blood, and the possible impact on the development of a wearable ISF “early warning system” to prevent morbidity from DKA. We extracted ISF, using minimally invasive microneedle arrays, from control Sprague Dawley rats and 17 h fasted rats. ISF and blood ketone levels were measured using a common glucose/ketone meter and strips. Local tissue concentrations of glucose were similar to those of blood, with an average blood to ISF glucose ratio of 0.99 ± 0.15 mg/dL. ISF ketones (0.4 ± 0.3 mM) were significantly higher (p = 4.2 × 10−9), compared with blood ketones (0.0 ± 0.0 mM). Although the fasted animals had slightly higher ISF ketones (1.3 ± 1.1 mM) compared with blood ketones (1.0 ± 1.0 mM), the difference was not significant (p = 0.3). This suggests ISF could possibly be useful as a surrogate for blood when determining ketone levels within a clinical setting.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Interstitial Fluid Ketone Monitoring with Microneedles

Taylor

Baca

2022

Metabolites

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“…The concave geometry showed the best efficiency among the designed profiles with an extraction rate of 0.85 ± 0.64 μL min −1 when it was inserted as deep as 1.5 mm. Also, the length of the needles showed no major differences in the amount of extraction ( Taylor et al., 2020 ). In another similar study, ultra-fine needles, lubricated with a silicone lubricant to lessen the pain while insertion, were attached to photopolymer jetting 3D-printed holder arrays to shape the MNAs ( Miller et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Emerging Applications In Biomedical Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To study the extraction of interstitial fluid from the skin, MN holders were prepared, using photopolymer jetting 3D printing technology, with flat, concave, convex, and bevel profile geometries in order to test the influence of MN holder on fluid extraction efficiency (Taylor et al, 2020). Ultra-fine needles were attached to iScience Review these holders to form the MNAs.…”

Section: Sample Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-printed microneedles in biomedical applications

et al. 2021

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Conventional needle technologies can be advanced with emerging nano-and micro-fabrication methods to fabricate microneedles. Nano-/micro-fabricated microneedles seek to mitigate penetration pain and tissue damage, as well as providing accurately controlled robust channels for administrating bioagents and collecting body fluids. Here, design and 3D printing strategies of microneedles are discussed with emerging applications in biomedical devices and healthcare technologies. 3D printing offers customization, cost-efficiency, a rapid turnaround time between design iterations, and enhanced accessibility. Increasing the printing resolution, the accuracy of the features, and the accessibility of low-cost raw printing materials have empowered 3D printing to be utilized for the fabrication of microneedle platforms. The development of 3D-printed microneedles has enabled the evolution of pain-free controlled release drug delivery systems, devices for extracting fluids from the cutaneous tissue, biosignal acquisition, and point-of-care diagnostic devices in personalized medicine.

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“…The design and fabrication of MNs determine their specic bioassay features. Many strategies (e.g., etching, 22,23 lithography, [24][25][26] micromachining, [27][28][29] and threedimensional (3D) printing [30][31][32] ) have been used for these purposes. Etching is one of the traditional methods to directly fabricate MNs through chemical reagents or physical ions, and is especially used to produce metal-based MNs.…”

Section: Design and Fabrication Strategies Of Mnsmentioning

confidence: 99%