Parametric Optimization for Electroless Ni–P on Low Carbon Steel

Lee, W. H.; Yang, Chih-Cheng; Chen, K. T.; Chang, Hong‐Chan; Hsu, Chun-Yao

doi:10.1166/jctn.2016.5093

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Several approaches for multivariate optimization based on the Taguchi methodology exist such as grey relational analysis, genetic algorithms, etc. [ 20 , 48 , 49 ]. The multivariate optimization workflow used in this study is shown in Figure 11 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full Optimization of an Electroless Nickel Solution: Boosting the Performance of Low-Phosphorous Coatings

et al. 2021

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Univariate and multivariate optimizations of a novel electroless nickel formulation have been carried out by means of the Taguchi method. From the compositional point of view, adjustment of the complexing agent concentration in solution is crucial for fine-tuning free Ni2+ ions concentration and, in turn, the mechanical properties of the resulting coatings. The Ni (II) concentration and the pH are the main parameters which help restrict the incorporation of phosphorous into the Ni layers. On the other hand, the stirring rate, the pH and the reducing agent concentration are the most influential parameters for the corrosion resistance of the coatings. Multivariate optimization of the electrolyte leads to a set of optimized parameters in which the mechanical properties (hardness and worn volume) of the layers are similar to the optimal values achieved in the univariate optimization, but the corrosion rate is decreased by one order of magnitude.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full Optimization of an Electroless Nickel Solution: Boosting the Performance of Low-Phosphorous Coatings

et al. 2021

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Tribological Properties of Ni-P Electroless Coatings on Low-Carbon Steel Substrates Using an Environmentally Friendly Pretreatment

Lee¹

2018

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

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This study deposits Ni-P alloy films coatings onto low carbon steel substrates using an electroless process. The coating's morphology and properties, including the hardness, polarization and frictional behavior, are analyzed. A conventional pretreatment that uses roughening and activation steps ensures better adhesion between the Ni-P plated layer and the substrate and renders the substrates catalytic. This study reports an environmentally friendly pretreatment for the substrates: physical sandblasting (using emery powder particles) and oxygen plasma etching. XRD analysis shows that the diffraction pattern for the Ni-P alloy exhibits a wider peak, which indicates that there is an amorphous phase. SEM micrographs after electroless Ni-P plating that uses plasma etching show that the surface is more even and fairly smooth, which indicates good Ni-P film characteristics. The experimental results show that a plasma etching pretreatment for coating with Ni-P film increases the hardness and corrosion resistance and reduces the coefficient of friction.

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Substrate pretreatment using plasma etching to enhance electroless Ni-P coatings performance

Huang¹

2020

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

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Traditional electroless Ni-P films are produced using a substrate pretreatment (sensitization and activation) and chemical plating. The Taguchi method is used to determine the optimal coating parameters for electroless Ni-P films to achieve the best hardness and resistance to fatigue. The films are characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, by determining the fatigue life and using a nanoindenter. Analysis of variance results for the fatigue life for Ni-P films, the deposition time, the bath temperature and the pH value of the solution have respective contributions of 64.61%, 19.34% and 13.17%. In the confirmation tests, the respective values for fatigue life and the films' hardness increase from 42.25 times and 548.9 HV to 47.67 times and 572.4 HV. This study replaces a traditional substrate pretreatment with oxygen plasma etching. Oxygen plasma etching changes the morphology of the substrate's surface, increases the surface free energy and produces slight pitting and micro roughness to give a surface that is more hydrophilic. Substrates that undergo pretreatment using oxygen plasma etching have enhanced mechanical properties because a relatively good Ni-P film is produced. The results show that the fatigue life is increased from 47.67 times to 63.33 times and the Ni-P film's hardness is increased from 572.4 HV to 623.8 HV.

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Parametric Optimization for Electroless Ni–P on Low Carbon Steel

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Full Optimization of an Electroless Nickel Solution: Boosting the Performance of Low-Phosphorous Coatings

Full Optimization of an Electroless Nickel Solution: Boosting the Performance of Low-Phosphorous Coatings

Tribological Properties of Ni-P Electroless Coatings on Low-Carbon Steel Substrates Using an Environmentally Friendly Pretreatment

Substrate pretreatment using plasma etching to enhance electroless Ni-P coatings performance

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