Parametric optimization and prediction of electroless Ni–B deposition

Oraon, B.; Majumdar, Gautam; Ghosh, B.

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2006.05.017

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The R 2 adj (determination coefficient) of the regression equation obtained from analysis of variance is 0.9531 (a value >0.75 indicates aptness of the model), which means that the model can explain 95.31% variation in the response. Figure 4 showed the predicted length of nickel nanowires versus studentized residuals which the residuals divided by the estimated standard deviation of that residual [16]. It measures the number of standard deviations separating the actual and predicted values.…”

Section: Optimization Of the Significant Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Study on Supercritical Electrodeposition of Nickel Nanowire Arrays Using AAO Template

Wang

Char

Lien

2012

ISRN Chemical Engineering

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Highly ordered and nanometer-scaled nickel wire arrays were successfully prepared by supercritical electrodeposition method using anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template. The results show that the well-ordered and free-standing nickel nanowire arrays can be constructed uniformly on a titanium-coated silicon wafer after removing the AAO template. The diameter and length of the nickel nanowire in the arrays can be obtained, about 100 nm and 10 um, respectively. Based on Box-Behnken design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a regression model was built by fitting the experimental results with a polynomial equation. The current density, pressure, and temperature are critical important factors of the growth mechanism of deposited nanowires. The optimal length of nanowires, 10.03 µm, can be achieved at the following conditions: current density 0.23 A/cm 2 , pressure 107 bar, and temperature 53• C.

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Section: Optimization Of the Significant Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Study on Supercritical Electrodeposition of Nickel Nanowire Arrays Using AAO Template

Wang

Char

Lien

2012

ISRN Chemical Engineering

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“…Recently, some investigators have used RSM to predict or optimize some of the coating processes for different metals and alloys [36][37][38][39]. Oraon et al [36,37] used RSM to predict the electroless Ni and Ni-B on a pure copper substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oraon et al [36,37] used RSM to predict the electroless Ni and Ni-B on a pure copper substrate. In their studies, a second-order response surface model with central composite design (CCD) was used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though the prior investigators [36][37][38][39] explored mathematical models in the case of some metals and alloys, a research into establishing mathematical relationships between the process parameters and MG of deposited cobalt on ceramic particles is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study is to apply RSM in conjunction with full factorial design and to establish the functional relationships between ED parameters (i.e., pH, bath temperature and ceramic particle morphology) and response of MG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Empirical model to predict mass gain of cobalt electroless deposition on ceramic particles using response surface methodology

et al. 2015

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This investigation was undertaken to predict the mass gain (MG) of cobalt electroless deposition (ED) on ceramic SiC particles. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a full factorial design with three ED parameters and 30 runs was used to conduct the experiments and to establish a mathematical model by means of Design-Expert software. Three ED parameters considered were pH, bath temperature and ceramic particle morphology. Analysis of variance was applied to validate the predicted model. The results of confirmation analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that the developed models are reasonably accurate. The pH is the most effective parameter for the MG. Also, the highest mass gain is obtained for the lowest pH, highest bath temperatures and heat-treated SiC particles. In addition, the developed model shows that the optimal parameters to get a maximum value of mass gain are pH, bath temperature and ceramic particle state of 8, 70°C and heat treatment, respectively.

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“…To date, such films have mainly been deposited by electroless plating methods, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and their applications have also been studied. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] However, very few studies have been undertaken on Ni-B alloy films produced by electroplating methods.…”

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confidence: 99%

Boron Particle Composite Plating with Ni–B Alloy Matrix

Arai

Kasai

Shohji

2010

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Ni-B alloy films containing amorphous boron particles ͑referred to as "Ni-B alloy composite films"͒ were fabricated by electrodeposition and were subsequently subjected to heat-treatment. Their compositions and microstructures were characterized, and their hardness was evaluated. The content of boron particles in the alloy composite films increased with boron particle concentration in the plating baths. In addition, the total boron content in the films increased with decreasing current density, reaching a maximum value of 34.3 atom %. The boron particles were homogeneously distributed in these alloy composite films and exhibited no cohesion. Heat-treatment of the alloy composite films consisting of a Ni-B alloy matrix and the boron particles led to a phase conversion from an inhomogeneous amorphous phase to stable homogeneous crystalline phases, which were similar to those in the Ni-B binary alloy phase diagram. The hardness of the Ni-B alloy 34.3 atom % B composite film was higher than that of a Ni-B alloy film both before and after heat-treatment. Ni-B alloy films are attractive for industrial applications because they possess several desirable properties, including high hardness and wear resistance. To date, such films have mainly been deposited by electroless plating methods, 1-11 and their applications have also been studied. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] However, very few studies have been undertaken on Ni-B alloy films produced by electroplating methods.19-21 Most reports discuss alloy films with a boron content of under 25 atom %, which have the stable phases of Ni and Ni 3 B according to the Ni-B binary phase diagram. However, the phase diagram also indicates that Ni 2 B and other crystalline phases are stable when the boron content of Ni-B alloys exceeds 25 atom %. A comparison of the microstructure and characteristics of Ni-B alloy films having boron contents above and below 25 atom % is interesting from both an academic and a practical viewpoint. We initially attempted to fabricate Ni-B alloy films using a conventional electroplating method. However, the maximum boron content that could be achieved by this method was less than 25 atom %. We have already reported that Ni-P alloy films containing over 25 atom % phosphorus could be obtained using a unique technique, which involves the formation of a composite film of a Ni-P alloy and phosphorus particles and a subsequent heat-treatment. 22In the present study, to fabricate Ni-B alloy films with boron contents greater than 25 atom %, we used a similar technique, producing composite films of a Ni-B alloy and boron particles and then subjecting them to heat-treatments. Furthermore, we analyzed the microstructure and hardness of the alloy composite films both before and after heat-treatment. Experimental

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Parametric optimization and prediction of electroless Ni–B deposition

Cited by 39 publications

References 12 publications

Optimization Study on Supercritical Electrodeposition of Nickel Nanowire Arrays Using AAO Template

Optimization Study on Supercritical Electrodeposition of Nickel Nanowire Arrays Using AAO Template

Empirical model to predict mass gain of cobalt electroless deposition on ceramic particles using response surface methodology

Boron Particle Composite Plating with Ni–B Alloy Matrix

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