Parametric mapping of QTL for resistance to European canker in apple in ‘Aroma’ × ‘Discovery’

Abstract

Resistance to European canker (Neonectria ditissima) in apple is currently one of the most important breeding targets for commercial production in Sweden. Previous research has identified significant genetic variation in susceptibility to the disease, with the local Swedish cultivar ‘Aroma’ considered as one of the most resistant cultivars. Identification of genetic regions underlying the resistance of this cultivar would be a valuable tool for future breeding. Thus, we performed Bayesian quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for resistance to European canker in a full-sib family of ‘Aroma’ × ‘Discovery’. Mapping was performed with the area under the disease progression curves (AUDPCs) from all seven (AUDPC_All7) and the first four assessments (AUDPC_First4), and three parameters of a sigmoid growth model for lesion length. As a scale for the effect of the different parameters, historic phenotypic data from screenings of a genetically diverse germplasm was compiled and re-analyzed. The parametrization of the data on lesion growth increased the number of QTL that could be identified with high statistical power, and provided some insight into their roles during different stages of disease development in the current experimental setup. Five QTL regions with strong or decisive evidence were identified on linkage groups 1, 8, 15, and 16. The QTL regions could be assigned to either of the parameters lesion length at the first assessment (‘LL_A1’), the maximal lesion growth rate (lesion length doubling time, ‘t_gen’), and the lesion length at girdling (‘LL_G’). Three of these QTL were traced along the pedigrees of some known relatives of the FS family, and discussed in relation to future crosses for breeding and genetic research.