Parametric generation in anomalously dispersive media

Горшков, А. С.; Lyakhov, G. A.; Voliak, K. I.; Yarovoi, Leonid K.

doi:10.1016/s0167-2789(97)00014-6

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The wave with frequency f 2 propagates in the opposite direction relative to the pump wave and the wave having frequency f 1 . From a previous analysis, 7 for the lossless case, the frequencies and powers of these waves also obey the nonlinear Manly-Rowe relations. A wave at 2.875 GHz cannot parametrically generate any other waves since they would exist below the line's cutoff frequency.…”

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confidence: 68%

“…Nonlinear properties of left-handed metamaterials, as well as some approaches to make metamaterials nonlinear, have been discussed in several publications. 5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] We have presented a theoretical investigation of the basic nonlinear wave propagation phenomena in LH medium, 17 which is based on the dual of the conventional nonlinear transmission line ͑NLTL͒, a left-handed ͑LH͒ NLTL exhibiting anomalous dispersion. The transmission line approach we used proved to be a realistic description of the LH media.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Wave propagation in nonlinear left-handed transmission line media

Kozyrev

Kim

Karbassi

et al. 2005

Applied Physics Letters

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Using a one-dimensional system, we demonstrate a wide variety of wave propagation phenomena possible in nonlinear left-handed media. These include effective second-harmonic generation where the fundamental wave and the second-harmonic wave are badly mismatched. We also observe parametric instabilities accompanying intensive harmonic generation. © 2005 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.2056581͔Negative-refractive-index metamaterials, also known as left-handed ͑LH͒ media, first postulated by Veselago, 1 are now being demonstrated in resonant rf and microwave circuits. [2][3][4][5] The majority of studies and applications of oneand two-dimensional LH media to date are in the linear regime of wave propagation. 6 However, materials that combine nonlinearity with anomalous dispersion exhibited by LH media have also recently attracted much attention. Nonlinear properties of left-handed metamaterials, as well as some approaches to make metamaterials nonlinear, have been discussed in several publications. 5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] We have presented a theoretical investigation of the basic nonlinear wave propagation phenomena in LH medium, 17 which is based on the dual of the conventional nonlinear transmission line ͑NLTL͒, a left-handed ͑LH͒ NLTL exhibiting anomalous dispersion. The transmission line approach we used proved to be a realistic description of the LH media. It provides insight into the physical phenomena of LH media and is an efficient design tool for LH applications. 4 We found that nonlinear wave form evolution in a LH NLTL can be understood in terms of competition between harmonic generation and parametric instabilities.Confirming our general predictions, 17 we present here the first experimental results for harmonic generation and parametric generation in 1D left-handed NLTL media operating in the microwave regime. Understanding of the nonlinear phenomena in LH NLTL media is very important for both the development of new types of devices and improvement of the performance of recent tunable devices based on LH NLTLs like phase shifters, 5 tunable leaky-wave antennas 4,18 and notch filters. 16 We fabricated one-dimensional nonlinear LH media, four-and six-section LH NLTLs having identical sections ͓Fig. 1͑a͒ shows a 4-section LH NLTL͔. Circuits were realized on Rogers RT/Druid 3010 board with r = 10.2 and thickness h = 1.27 mm. A row of 0.5 mmϫ 0.5 mm copper pads separated by 0.2 mm gaps was formed on the surface of the Rogers board by standard lithography. M/A-COM hyperabrupt junction GaAs flip-chip varactor diodes ͑MA46H120͒ were attached between these pads using conductive silver epoxy. The C j0 of the diodes, from the manufacturer's data sheet, is 1.1 pF, and they show a capacitance ratio C͑0 V͒ / C͑10 V͒ = 7.5. The nonlinear capacitance in each section is formed by two back-to-back diodes with dc bias applied between them. Shunt inductances were implemented with 0.12-mm-diam copper wires connecting the pads to the ground plane on the back side of the board. The via hole...

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confidence: 68%

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confidence: 99%

Wave propagation in nonlinear left-handed transmission line media

Kozyrev

Kim

Karbassi

et al. 2005

Applied Physics Letters

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“…This gives rise to a highly localized energy exchange between the fundamental wave and its third harmonic while propagating along an LH NLTL. From (20), it is apparent that the maximum amplitude of the third harmonic is achieved when is a maximum at the end of the line, therefore, the optimal number of LH NLTL sections is (25) Analysis of (18)- (20) indicates that, despite the large phase mismatch in LH NLTLs, the conversion efficiency can be higher in the case of LH NLTLs versus RH NLTLs for the case of short NLTLs. Additionally, the effect of loss can be minimized as well, again, relative to the RH NLTL case.…”

Section: Analytical Consideration Of Third Harmonic Generation Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 4 shows the dependence of [defined by (20)] at the end of a five-section LH NLTL on the fundamental frequency. For this purpose, the total phase shift of the fundamental wave and its third harmonic over the entire LH NLTL has been calculated from the data generated employing computer modeling.…”

Section: A Parameters Of Lh Nltl Used In Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear wave propagation phenomena in left-handed transmission-line media

Kozyrev

Weide

2005

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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Abstract-This paper introduces nonlinear transmission lines based on left-handed (LH) media and simulates harmonic generation and parametric generation in a material that, in two dimensions, could also focus microwaves. This paper discusses physical phenomena that lead to and affect self-supporting harmonic generation and parametric generation in LH nonlinear transmission-line media and outline advantages of these media for developing new types of compact and efficient frequency multipliers and "active lens" devices.Index Terms-Frequency conversion, left-handed (LH) media, metamaterials, negative refractive index, nonlinear transmission line (NLTL), parametric generation.

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“…[7] parametric gain was exhibited in the left-handed region for a short structure consisting of seven periods with an external DC bias, and parametric generation of backward waves in similar transmission lines was studied both experimentally and theoretically in Ref. [8].Recently, we have demonstrated a bistable regime of left-handed propagation in an asymmetric nonlinear lefthanded transmission line due to the existence of multiple dynamic states [9]. In this Letter, we demonstrate that such structures may exhibit substantial parametric gain in three different regimes of the signal wave: with the signal in the left-handed band, with the signal in the stop band, and with the signal at a defect frequency.…”

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confidence: 99%

Asymmetric parametric amplification in nonlinear left-handed transmission lines

Powell

Shadrivov

Kivshar

2009

Applied Physics Letters

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We study parametric amplification in nonlinear left-handed transmission lines, which serve as model systems for nonlinear negative index metamaterials. We experimentally demonstrate amplification of a weak pump signal in three regimes: with the signal in the left-handed band, with the signal in the stop band, and with the signal at a defect frequency. In particular, we demonstrate the amplification of the incident wave by up to 15dB in the left-handed regime.Left-handed transmission lines are compact systems showing regimes of backward-wave propagation similar to negative-index metamaterials. They have been applied to a number of engineering applications, including the study of leaky wave antennas, compact resonators, and dual-band couplers (see, e.g., Ref.[1] and references therein). In a number of these applications nonlinear elements have been introduced to create tunable structures [2,3] and, in addition, they have been used as a platform for the study of nonlinear wave propagation in the systems supporting the propagation of backward waves [4,5,6].Parametric gain is a nonlinear process whereby a highenergy pump wave exchanges energy with a weaker signal wave through modulation of the material or circuit parameters, thus amplifying it. This effect is commonly used in optical systems, and it has been proposed as a way to mitigate the losses in negative-index metamaterials. In particular, in Ref. [7] parametric gain was exhibited in the left-handed region for a short structure consisting of seven periods with an external DC bias, and parametric generation of backward waves in similar transmission lines was studied both experimentally and theoretically in Ref. [8].Recently, we have demonstrated a bistable regime of left-handed propagation in an asymmetric nonlinear lefthanded transmission line due to the existence of multiple dynamic states [9]. In this Letter, we demonstrate that such structures may exhibit substantial parametric gain in three different regimes of the signal wave: with the signal in the left-handed band, with the signal in the stop band, and with the signal at a defect frequency.In particular, we demonstrate the amplification of the incident wave by up to 15dB in the left-handed regime.Our nonlinear transmission line consists of 20 periods of elementary cells, each cell containing a series varactor diode (SMV1405), shunt inductor (18nH chip type), and a 10 mm section of 50Ω microstrip transmission line, as shown in Fig. 1. The resultant transmission response is presented by a solid curve in Fig. 2. The dispersion relation is of great importance to all parametric processes, * Electronic address: david.a.powell@anu.edu.au and it can be calculated analytically as [1]:where κ is the Bloch wavenumber (in radians per period), L L and C L are the shunt inductance and series capacitance introduced to create the left-handed line;

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Parametric generation in anomalously dispersive media

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Wave propagation in nonlinear left-handed transmission line media

Wave propagation in nonlinear left-handed transmission line media

Nonlinear wave propagation phenomena in left-handed transmission-line media

Asymmetric parametric amplification in nonlinear left-handed transmission lines

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