Parametric Finite Element Analysis of Bicycle Frame Geometries

Covill, Derek; Begg, Steven; Elton, Edward; Milne, Mark; Morris, Richard K.; Katz, Tim

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.077

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…eReynolds have the high complexity of tube geometries model (including tube diameters, oval/circle tube profiles and wall thicknesses), bicycle frame geometries and standard materials [5]. The influence of key geometric parameters on frame stiffness is evaluated using a wide range of bicycle frame designs from historical data and to compare these to an optimized solution [2]. Trike front frame is manufactured using circular steel tube and square tube in the back frame.…”

Section: Review Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-performance frame is reached by increasing mechanical properties and decrease weight. The major priority to gain the best performance of a frame is by balancing priorities for key requirements [2]. They are minimizing the mass of the frame (Possibly using competition rules to constrain this), maximizing lateral stiffness in the load transfer from the hands and feet to the drive, maximizing the strength capabilities of the frame to allow for a higher load capacity or better load distribution, and adjusting the vertical compliance of the frame to tune the softness of the ride.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Finite element analysis of electric bicycle frame geometries

Cahyono¹,

Anwar²,

Diharjo³

et al. 2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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The effect of load and thickness variation on stress analysis of monocoque frame of electric city car using FEM AIP Conference Proceedings 1788, 030077 (2017) Abstract. This paper presents a simulation Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model of electric trike frames. The model of electric trike frame is a standard bicycle frame with addition modification on the back side for battery pack component and passenger loads. The electric motor is driven to put in front wheel for easy maintenance. Due to gain maximum safety in the passenger area and easy assembling, the frame is manufactured by circular steel tube in the front side and square steel tube in the back side. FEA simulation has been investigating proper model based on steel tube profile. The profiles is circular and oval steel tube 1.65mm thickness, (1, 1 ½, and 1 ½) inch diameter in front and square steel tube 2 mm thickness, (30x30, 40x40 and 50x50) mm size in the back. The support tube of the electric bicycle frame is similar to the National Standard road bicycle (SNI).The validation of this simulation is using experiment method and adaption method for optimizing iteration time and accuracy. The result of the simulation is a factor of safety. Von misses stress distribution from simulation result is showed the critical are in joining tube under driver of the frame structure. The oval tube is reached safety factor better than the circular tube, and it's had a better performance against the vertical load. The best variable is variable 3 oval tube 56.6x40 mm diagonal size with 1.65 thickness. It maximum passenger load is 700Kg. It can be a recommendation to redesign future frame of the electric bicycle.

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Section: Review Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element analysis of electric bicycle frame geometries

Cahyono¹,

Anwar²,

Diharjo³

et al. 2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…The load and boundary conditions for two load cases (a vertical saddle load condition and lateral out of saddle load condition) were taken from Maestrelli and Falsini (2008) [13] and Covill et al (2014) [7]. Beam element sectional properties for top tube, down tube, seat tube, seat stays, and chain stays were taken from the tube profiles published by the manufacturers Reynolds (953, 853, 725, 631, 525 tubes), Columbus (XCR, Spirit, Life, Zona tubes) and Tange (Superlight, Ultra Strong, Infinity tubes).…”

Section: Finite Element Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2005a [2]; British Standards. 2005b [3]) development of specialist measuring equipment for bicycles (Soden and Adeyefa, 1979 [22]; McKenna et al, 2002 [15]; Oertel et al, 2010 [17]; Petrone et al, 2012 [19]; Vanwalleghem et al, 2012 [25]; Vanwalleghem et al, 2014 [26]) simulation of bicycles and bicycle components (Peterson and Londry, 1986 [18]; Xie, 1994 [28]; Lessard et al, 1995 [11]; Maestrelli and Falsini, 2008 [13]; Liu and Wu, 2010 [12]; Tak et al, 2010 [24]; Xiang et al, 2011 [27]; Covill et al 2014 [7]; Kingsley et al 2015 [9]), and the ergonomic and anthropometric requirements of cyclists (Kolin and De la Rosa, 1979 [10]; Burke, 1994 [4]; Stevens, 2006 [23]; Mann, 2010 [14]; Moore et al 2010 [16]; Hsaio and Ko, 2013 [8]). Performing Finite Element (FE) analysis on bicycle frames has become a common activity for bicycle designers and engineers in the hope of improving the performance of the frames.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Finite Element Analysis of Steel Bicycle Frames: The Influence of Tube Selection on Frame Stiffness

Covill¹,

Blayden²,

Coren³

et al. 2015

Procedia Engineering

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This paper presents a parametric Finite Element model of road bicycle frames using beam elements with varying tube profiles. A range of existing frame geometries were subject to various in plane and out of plane loading conditions to examine the influence of tube profiles (as published by the Reynolds, Columbus and Tange manufacturers) on the lateral stiffness and vertical compliance of the frames. This was an extension of previous work which characterised the influence of overall frame geometries (tube lengths and angles) on the stiffness characteristics of frames. For a subset range of frame sizes (with seat tube lengths varying from 490-630mm), parameters were used to define dimensions for circular tube profile shapes, varying wall thicknesses associated with butted tubes. In this paper only steel tubing was considered in order to isolate and focus in detail on the influence of the tube profile geometries on the stiffness characteristics of the frames for a single material. Further work is required to validate this model using a frame stiffness jig and to characterise the influence of material choice on the stiffness and strength characteristics for steel, aluminium and titanium frames using commercially available tubesets and their published stiffness and strength values.

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“…To complement the progress made in materials and manufacturing technologies, the use of numerical simulations is also becoming more common amongst bicycle designers to analyse frame behavior and, where possible, assist in designing more lightweight and fit for purpose bicycles [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Previous studies have shown how finite element analysis (FEA) can be used to support designers in the selection of individual tubes to tune the stiffness and strength behaviour of frames [1,13,15,17,19]. Furthermore, FEA has recently been used to inform the design of individually customised tubes and components using both traditional manufacturing [1] and additive manufacturing technologies [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Effects of Tube Butting on the Structural Performance of Steel Bicycle Frames

Covill

Drouet

2018

The 12th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association

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Abstract:Previous studies have shown how finite element analysis (FEA) can be used to support designers and frame builders in the selection of butted tubes to tune the stiffness and strength behaviour of steel bicycles. The aim of this paper was therefore to analyse the effects of tube butting on the stiffness, stress distribution and energy absorption behaviour of bicycle frames using numerical simulations. Butted tubes were shown to provide a highly effective means to decrease mass whilst producing a disproportionately small change in stress compared with a straight gauge tubeset with a maximum material condition although there was no added benefit in terms of stiffness or strain energy. Conversely, decreasing the wall thickness produced an increase in stress at the tube ends that was disproportionate to the change in mass. This work can now be extended to analyse a fuller set of butted profiles for a range of tube types.

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Parametric Finite Element Analysis of Bicycle Frame Geometries

Cited by 43 publications

References 6 publications

Finite element analysis of electric bicycle frame geometries

Finite element analysis of electric bicycle frame geometries

Parametric Finite Element Analysis of Steel Bicycle Frames: The Influence of Tube Selection on Frame Stiffness

On the Effects of Tube Butting on the Structural Performance of Steel Bicycle Frames

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