Parametric Acoustic Array and Its Application in Underwater Acoustic Engineering

Zhou, Hanyun; Huang, S.H.; Li, Wei

doi:10.3390/s20072148

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…However, aligning an acoustic source increases the complexity of the system and the cost of implementation. For instance, a novel acoustic source that is based on a parametric acoustic array is proposed for underwater communications [14]. Not only is the parametric array light and compact, but it is highly directive and has a narrow beam with no side lobes.…”

Section: ) Directive Antennas and Beamforming Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey of Security Schemes and Privacy-Preserving Techniques for the Internet of Underwater Things

Adam,

Ali,

Naeem

et al. 2024

Preprint

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With the growing interest that is being shown in marine resources, the concept of the internet of things (IoT) has been extended to underwater scenarios, which has given rise to the internet of underwater things (IoUT). The IoUT encompasses a network of interconnected intelligent underwater devices that can be used to monitor underwater environments and support various applications, such as underwater exploration, disaster prevention, and environmental monitoring. Advances in underwater wireless communication and sensor technologies have propelled the IoUT concept forward. However, the IoUT faces significant challenges. The harsh and vast underwater environment make information sensing particularly difficult and lead to insufficient or inaccurate data being collected. Additionally, underwater conditions like pressure variation, hydrological characteristics, temperature changes, water currents, and topography hinder conventional communication models and make data transmission difficult and inefficient. Security in IoUT networks is a critical concern due to hardware limitations and seawater channel imperfections. Constrained sensor nodes and spatial-temporal uncertainty introduced by node mobility further complicate security provisioning. This survey paper addresses these challenges by offering a comprehensive overview of IoUT security. The investigation thoroughly examines both traditional and classic machine learning techniques, and focuses on deploying advanced technologies such as federated learning and digital twin. The study effectively addresses integration challenges and open issues, and provides a roadmap for future directions to play a pivotal role in formulating robust security mechanisms for IoUT networks.

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Section: ) Directive Antennas and Beamforming Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey of Security Schemes and Privacy-Preserving Techniques for the Internet of Underwater Things

Adam,

Ali,

Naeem

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Berktay’s far-field solution assumes that the primary wave is a signal in which a single frequency carrier is modulated using the envelope function, which is a plane wave, and moves along the acoustic axis. Berktay’s approximate solution in the far field is expressed as follows [ 26 ]:

where

represents the pressure of the primary wave,

represents the envelope function,

represents the cross-sectional area of the sound source, and

represents the retarded time. For beta in Equations (1) and (2), 3.5 ± 0.1 is generally used.…”

Section: Fundamental Principle Of the Parametric Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Experimental Investigation on Optimal Parametric Array Types

Jung

Song

Kim

et al. 2021

Sensors

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As a sound transmitting device that relies on the nonlinearity of a medium, a parametric array (PA) can generate high-directivity low-frequency signals using a small aperture transducer and high-frequency signals. Despite their relatively low source level, the PA is frequently used to measure the acoustic properties of materials in low-frequency regions owing to their high directivity in confined acoustic water tanks. Therefore, methods for improving the source level of secondary signals are of interest. Currently, there are two driving methods for PA: the dual-frequency PA and the broadband PA with amplitude modulation. In this study, we share the results of an elaborate and comparative experimental investigation of these two driving methods. Comparisons are made and discussed in terms of the intensity of the generated secondary signal and its characteristics in the frequency domain. Based on these factors, we confirmed that the broadband PA was more suitable as the sound source of the low-frequency characteristic measurement system of acoustic materials.

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“…These technologies have a wide range of applications, as evidenced by recent studies. [1][2][3][4][5] For instance, innovations such as highly directional speakers, [6][7][8] non-contact tactile feedback, [9][10][11] threedimensional acoustic levitation and manipulation, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] graphics on a carpet, 20) artificial pollination, 21) insect pest control, 22) wound healing acceleration, 23) hair regrowth, 24) horizontally omnidirectional audible sound source, 25) and non-destructive testing 26) showcase the potential of high-intensity ultrasonic applications. Notably, the exploration of acoustic holography based on phased arrays has become increasingly prominent, leading to sophisticated sound field control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical fiber-based acoustic intensity microphone for high-intensity airborne ultrasound measurement

Hoshi,

O-oka

2024

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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The increasing use of airborne ultrasonic waves in daily life, driven by advances in parametric and phased arrays, has led to innovative applications like highly directional speakers, non-contact tactile feedback, 3D acoustic levitation, and medical therapies. These advancements necessitate accurate measurement of high-intensity ultrasonic waves, exceeding the capability of traditional microphones limited to around 160 dB , and highlight the growing importance of measuring the sound field not merely as scalar (sound pressure) but as vector (acoustic intensity) to accommodate future technological developments. This paper introduces an acoustic intensity microphone using optical fibers as probes to overcome these limitations. The proposed method replaces the two ordinary microphones used in the traditional acoustic intensity measurement method with thin optical fibers, minimizing sound field disturbance. Experimental validation and the structure of a practical acoustic intensity microphone are discussed, building upon foundational work presented at USE2023 with added verification and insights.

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Parametric Acoustic Array and Its Application in Underwater Acoustic Engineering

Cited by 25 publications

References 72 publications

A Comprehensive Survey of Security Schemes and Privacy-Preserving Techniques for the Internet of Underwater Things

A Comprehensive Survey of Security Schemes and Privacy-Preserving Techniques for the Internet of Underwater Things

Comparative Experimental Investigation on Optimal Parametric Array Types

Optical fiber-based acoustic intensity microphone for high-intensity airborne ultrasound measurement

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