Parameters that remain consistent independent of pausing before gait-initiation during normal rise-to-walk behaviour delineated by sit-to-walk and sit-to-stand-and-walk

Jones, Gareth D.; James, Darren C.; Thacker, Michael; Green, David A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205346

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Significantly greater hesitation was observed during STS than during STW in this group of people early after stroke. This finding is similar to previous findings that hesitation is greater during STS than STW in healthy younger adults (25) despite the variation in the description and calculation of hesitation between studies. As the events of hesitation (maximum forward velocity and maximum upward acceleration) both occur around the end of Phase 1 of movement, the flexion momentum, these data indicate that hesitation is likely contributing factor to the longer Phase 1 of movement seen in STS compared to STW.…”

Section: The Differences Between Movement Fluidity and Duration Of Phases Between Sts And Stwsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Hesitation of both STS and STW was measured as the percentage of normalized time between the maximum forward velocity and the maximum upward acceleration of the clavicle marker, where a low value indicates a fluid movement without hesitation. In contrast to previous publications (24,25), here hesitation does not measure the depression in horizontal momentum. It was considered important to change the calculation for hesitation to provide an equitable measure between the tasks of STS and STW:…”

Section: Hesitationcontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…The biomechanical events measured to determine C1 appear to occur around the transition between movement Phases 1 and 2 indicating that in stroke survivors, preparation for seat-off in STW takes longer than in STS. This may reflect the time required for the mediolateral ground reaction force and unloading of the swing leg seen in STW but not in STS in healthy adults (25,28). It is interesting that when compared to previous data from healthy adults, who begin knee extension before hip flexion ends (24), stroke survivors here show an inverse pattern of movement during C1, demonstrating an inability to begin knee extension until after the end of hip flexion.…”

Section: The Differences Between Movement Fluidity and Duration Of Phases Between Sts And Stwcontrasting

confidence: 47%

“…A lengthened Phase 1 of movement is also seen in older adults, when compared to younger adults attributed to an increased angle of trunk flexion (27). Hesitation may be a critical time window in which balance is tightly regulated to create the breaking impulse previously identified as an important differentiation between these tasks in healthy adults (25,28). STS was found to be both a smoother and a more coordinated movement than STW.…”

Section: The Differences Between Movement Fluidity and Duration Of Phases Between Sts And Stwmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Investigating the Relationships Between Three Important Functional Tasks Early After Stroke: Movement Characteristics of Sit-To-Stand, Sit-To-Walk, and Walking

et al. 2021

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Background: Walking, sit-to-stand (STS) and sit-to-walk (STW) are all considered important functional tasks in achieving independence after stroke. Despite knowledge that sensitive measurement of movement patterns is crucial to understanding neuromuscular restitution, there is surprisingly little information available about the detailed biomechanical characteristics of, and relationships between, walking, sit-to-stand and sit-to-walk, particularly in the important time window early after stroke. Hence, here, the study aimed to: Identify the biomechanical characteristics of and determine any differences in both movement fluidity (hesitation, coordination and smoothness) and duration of movement phases, between sit-to-stand (STS) and sit-to-walk (STW) in people early after stroke.Determine whether measures of movement fluidity (hesitation, coordination, and smoothness) and movement phases during sit-to-stand (STS) and/or sit-to-walk (STW) are correlated strongly to commonly used measures of walking speed and/or step length ratio in people early after stroke.Methods: This study consisted of secondary data analysis from the SWIFT Cast Trial. Specifically, we investigated movement fluidity using established assessments of smoothness, hesitation and coordination and the time duration for specific movement phases in a group of 48 people after stroke. Comparisons were made between STS and STW and relationships to walking measures were explored.Results: Participants spent significantly more time in the initial movement phase, flexion momentum, during STS [mean time (SD) 1.74 ±1.45 s] than they did during STW [mean time (SD) 1.13 ± 1.03 s]. STS was also completed more smoothly but with more hesitation and greater coordination than the task of STW. No strong relationships were found between movement fluidity or duration with walking speed or step length symmetry.Conclusions: Assessment of movement after stroke requires a range of functional tasks and no one task should predominate over another. Seemingly similar or overlapping tasks such as STS and STW create distinct biomechanical characteristics which can be identified using sensitive, objective measures of fluidity and movement phases but there are no strong relationships between the functional tasks of STS and STW with walking speed or with step-length symmetry.

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Section: The Differences Between Movement Fluidity and Duration Of Phases Between Sts And Stwsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Hesitationcontrasting

confidence: 82%

Section: The Differences Between Movement Fluidity and Duration Of Phases Between Sts And Stwcontrasting

confidence: 47%

Section: The Differences Between Movement Fluidity and Duration Of Phases Between Sts And Stwmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Investigating the Relationships Between Three Important Functional Tasks Early After Stroke: Movement Characteristics of Sit-To-Stand, Sit-To-Walk, and Walking

et al. 2021

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“…One study analyzed the characteristics of this transition with and without a pause before gait initiation. 14) This study found that pausing before initiating gait requires less positional stability even in healthy individuals. Another study found that increases in angular velocity and linear accelerations during STW may predispose healthy, young individuals for balance loss.…”

Section: ⅰ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Investigating the Characteristics of Rise to Walk for Geriatric Residents of Assisted Living Facilities

Braden¹,

Burtch²,

Mott³

et al.

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Assessing functional mobility is an important aspect of determining fall risk in the growing population of assisted living. Little is known about the sit to walk (STW) transition, especially what characteristics correlate with the duration it takes to perform a STW. Methods In this cross sectional, exploratory study, 45 assisted living residents were evaluated for baseline measures: history of falls, assistive device (AD), lower extremity strength, and balance (Tinetti POMA). The residents were then timed performing a STW, and, from these durations, were stratified into fast and slow groups. Statistical analysis was performed to determine relationships between the two duration groups and the baseline measures. Results Participants who had experienced a fall were significantly more likely to use an assistive device (p = 0.001). The use of an AD had a moderate negative correlation with composite strength (r =-0.428, p = 0.003). Duration of STW had a weak negative correlation with composite strength (r =-0.299, p = 0.046) and a moderate correlation with use of AD (r = 0.419, p = 0.004). Those with a faster duration of STW had significantly better balance (p = 0.027). Conclusion These correlations support the need for healthcare professionals to address the use of adaptive equipment and physical training when evaluating functional mobility in assisted living residents. Providing appropriate equipment and improving overall strength in these individuals can help reduce their risk of falls. Individuals in assisted living facilities can be assessed similar to other geriatric populations, with special consideration on functional tasks and measures.

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Sit-to-walk strategy classification in healthy adults using hip and knee joint angles at gait initiation

Perera,

Gopalai,

Gouwanda

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Forward continuation, balance, and sit-to-stand-and-walk (STSW) are three common movement strategies during sit-to-walk (STW) executions. Literature identifies these strategies through biomechanical parameters using gold standard laboratory equipment, which is expensive, bulky, and requires significant post-processing. STW strategy becomes apparent at gait-initiation (GI) and the hip/knee are primary contributors in STW, therefore, this study proposes to use the hip/knee joint angles at GI as an alternate method of strategy classification. To achieve this, K-means clustering was implemented using three clusters corresponding to the three STW strategies; and two feature sets corresponding to the hip/knee angles (derived from motion capture data); from an open access online database (age: 21–80 years; n = 10). The results identified forward continuation with the lowest hip/knee extension, followed by balance and then STSW, at GI. Using this classification, strategy biomechanics were investigated by deriving the established biomechanical quantities from literature. The biomechanical parameters that significantly varied between strategies (P < 0.05) were time, horizontal centre of mass (COM) momentum, braking impulse, centre of pressure (COP) range and velocities, COP–COM separation, hip/knee torque and movement fluency. This alternate method of strategy classification forms a generalized framework for describing STW executions and is consistent with literature, thus validating the joint angle classification method.

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Parameters that remain consistent independent of pausing before gait-initiation during normal rise-to-walk behaviour delineated by sit-to-walk and sit-to-stand-and-walk

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Investigating the Relationships Between Three Important Functional Tasks Early After Stroke: Movement Characteristics of Sit-To-Stand, Sit-To-Walk, and Walking

Investigating the Relationships Between Three Important Functional Tasks Early After Stroke: Movement Characteristics of Sit-To-Stand, Sit-To-Walk, and Walking

Investigating the Characteristics of Rise to Walk for Geriatric Residents of Assisted Living Facilities

Sit-to-walk strategy classification in healthy adults using hip and knee joint angles at gait initiation

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