Purpose
To evaluate changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adult strabismus patients classified as surgical failures by standard motor and diplopia criteria.
Design
Prospective cohort study evaluating outcomes
Methods
Adults undergoing strabismus surgery in a single clinical practice, with preoperative and 1-year postoperative Adult Strabismus-20 HRQOL questionnaires were included. Motor and diplopia criteria were applied to classify outcomes (success, partial success, or failure). For those classified failure, the medical record of the 1-year examination was reviewed to determine whether the patient reported subjective improvement. We evaluated improvement in HRQOL, defined as exceeding 95% limits of agreement on at least one of the four Adult Strabismus-20 domains. We compared proportions exceeding 95% limits of agreement in those reporting subjective improvement versus those who did not.
Results
40 (18%) of 227 patients were classified as failure by motor and diplopia criteria, with 39 of 40 able to exceed Adult Strabismus-20 95% limits of agreement. Overall, 21 (54%) of 39 showed improved HRQOL by exceeding 95% limits of agreement on at least one of the four Adult Strabismus-20 domains (54% vs predicted 10% by chance alone; P<0.0001). 25 (64%) reported subjective improvement, of whom 16 (64%) showed improved HRQOL exceeding 95% limits of agreement..
Conclusions
Many apparent surgical failures report subjective improvement, often reflected in improved HRQOL scores. We propose incorporating quantitative HRQOL criteria into the assessment of strabismus surgery outcomes, defining success as either meeting motor and diplopia criteria, or showing improvement in HRQOL beyond test-retest variability.