Parameters of the medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances model deduced from measurements

Model of traveling ionospheric disturbances

“…Until now, there exists no generally accepted opinion concerning MS TID propagation and an effective layer thickness where disturbances are observed. For example, according to Iyer (1983) and Senior et al (2006) the layer thickness varies in the range 100-120 km, but our research has shown that the thickness was only about 50 km in most cases, and values 100 km were observed only occasionally (Dorohov et al 2004;Fedorenko et al 2008Fedorenko et al , 2010aFedorenko et al , 2010bFedorenko et al , 2011. Now, after 66 years since TIDs discovery (Munro 1948), the theory of interaction between AGWs and TIDs is far from being complete, some predictions and deductions have not been confirmed experimentally and have not been understood completely yet.…”

“…A prior guess, asserting that relative changes of atmospheric density at distances of hundreds and thousands of kilometers from the source of local energy release, is much less than unity is quite courageous. Numerous experiments indicate that such approach is not valid, since the TID amplitude A d may vary from ten to several ten percent at large distances from the source and often reaches 70-80% (Breitling & Kupferman 1967;Kanellakos 1967;Albee & Kanellakos 1968;Lomax & Nielson 1968;Taran et al 1979;Afraimovich et al 2005;Tyrnov et al 2005;Yakovets et al 2008;Fedorenko et al 2010aFedorenko et al , 2010bFedorenko et al , 2011Fedorenko et al , 2012. Thus, these approximations may be applicable and reasonable only at the first stage of research.…”

“…We substitute the parameters from an equivalent isothermal atmosphere adopted model (Roberts et al 1982a) and obtained s 0 = 3.95 min. The slope of the AGW-TID front in the vertical plane for the MS TID (5) and LS TID (6) was obtained from Fedorenko et al (2010b). The relation (5) was obtained for propagation of omnidirectional waves in a spherically symmetric medium without refraction.…”

“…The values of 2H for the MS and LS TID, the height of the waveguide longitudinal axis for the LS TID, and the layer in which the MS TID are observed, were inferred from transionospheric sounding using signals of Russian low-orbital navigation satellites (Cicada and Cicada-M), and from incoherent scatter radar data (Fedorenko et al 2008(Fedorenko et al , 2010a(Fedorenko et al , 2010b(Fedorenko et al , 2011(Fedorenko et al , 2012.…”

“…The corresponding parameters for MS TIDs are L % 100-600 km, T % 0.25-1 h, and V < 0.25 km s À1 . It was predicted theoretically (Hocke & Schlegel 1996) and proven experimentally (Fedorenko et al 2008(Fedorenko et al , 2010a(Fedorenko et al , 2010b that minimal wavelengths L for MS TID do not exceed 100-150 km. Research carried out within the last six decades has revealed that MS TIDs occur much more frequently than LS TIDs.…”