Parameters of novelty, shock predictability and response contingency in corticosterone release in the rat

Bassett, J.R.; Cairncross, K.D.; King, Maurice G.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(73)90060-7

Cited by 187 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, when rats received footshocks, plasma corticosterone levels increased, as expected, and repetition of the stressor stimulus caused a more pronounced response, indicating that animals had not adapted to the stressor. Many authors have shown that plasma corticosterone responses are reduced in rats following repeated presentation of noise (21,22), handling (23), novelty (24,25) or restraint (26), whereas with the use of relative intense stressors such as footshock (27), cold exposure (27), forced running (27,28) or a combina- (29), no such adaptation was detected. Our stressed rat model presented higher plasma corticosterone levels before the second and third footshock sessions compared to control rats, indicating that with repetition of the stressful stimulus some anticipation rather than adaptation to the stressor may occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic markers following beta-adrenoceptor agonist infusion in footshock-stressed rats

Verago

Kassisse

Spadari-Bratfisch

2001

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Stress hormones can alter metabolic functions in adipose tissue and liver, as well as the sensitivity of rat white adipocytes and rat atrial responses to ß-adrenergic agonists. In this study, we examined the effects of three daily footshock stress sessions on the plasma corticosterone, glucose, glycerol and triacylglycerol levels of fed, conscious male rats, and on the plasma glucose, glycerol and triacylglycerol levels of the same rats following iv infusions of ß-adrenergic agonists (isoproterenol: 0.4 nmol kg -1 min -1 , noradrenaline: 5.0 µg kg -1 day -1 , and BRL 37344 ([±]-[4-(2-[(2-[3-chlorophenyl]-2-hydroxyethyl) amino]propyl)phenoxy]acetic acid), a selective ß 3 -adrenoceptor agonist: 0.4 nmol kg -1 min -1 ). Plasma corticosterone levels increased significantly after each stress session, while triacylglycerol levels increased after the first session and glucose increased after the second and third sessions. Glycerol levels were unaltered after stress. These results suggest that repeated footshock stress may induce a metabolic shift from triacylglycerol biosynthesis to glucose release by hepatic tissue, with glycerol serving as one of the substrates in both pathways. Stressed rats were more sensitive to infusion of noradrenaline plus prazosin and to infusion of isoproterenol, with elevated plasma glucose, glycerol and triacylglycerol levels. The higher sensitivity of stressed rats to isoproterenol and noradrenaline was probably related to the permissive effect of plasma corticosterone. Only BRL 37344 increased plasma glycerol levels in stressed rats, probably because ß 3 -adrenoceptors are not involved in hepatic triacylglycerol synthesis, thus allowing glycerol to accumulate in plasma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic markers following beta-adrenoceptor agonist infusion in footshock-stressed rats

Verago

Kassisse

Spadari-Bratfisch

2001

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…The introduction of an animal into a new environment has been shown to induce an increase of corticosterone (Bassett & Cairncross, 1973;File & Peet, 1980;Pfister, 1979), as well as an increase of ACTH (Hennessy, Heybach, Vernicos, & Levine, 1979). The same effect is observed after the omission of reinforcement during extinction (Coover, Goldman, & Levine, 1971;Davis, Memmott, McFadden, & Levine, 1976;Levine, Goldman, & Cooper, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Long-term modulation of learning following locus coeruleus stimulation: Behavioral and neurochemical data

Velly

Kempf²,

Cardo³

et al. 1985

Psychobiology

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This paper summarizes some behavioral and neurochemical data relating to the delayed effect oflocus coeruleus stimulation on the learning capabilities ofthe rat. The first observation showed that electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus of a 15-day-old rat improved the acquisition and extinction of a food-reinforced operant task performed 4 weeks later. The neurochemical lesion of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle, 10 days before the stimulation, did not decrease the behavioral effect, whereas the neurochemical lesion of the locus coeruleus proper suppressed the improvement. Furthermore, we studied the long-term effect of the stimulation on some biochemical parameters of the coerulean system: First, the turnover of noradrenaline increased in the locus coeruleus 4 days after the stimulation, whereas it decreased 4 weeks after the treatment in the nucleus proper and in the hippocampus. Second, 4 weeks after the stimulation, the characteristics of some adrenoceptor populations were significantly changed, in particular regions of the brain. The number of al"adrenoceptors was increased in the cortex, the hippocampus, and particularly the hypothalamus. The number of al-adrenoceptors was increased in the cortex. Neither the number nor the affinity of {3 receptors was altered by the stimulation. Likewise, the number of al-, a,-, and {3-adrenoceptors in the brainstem was not changed. These results are discussed. To explain our behavioral data, we assume that the performance improvement in prestimulated rats is due, for the most part, to a reduced reaction to stressful situations. On this basis, the stressreduction hypothesis is tentatively related to the binding data showing that the most significant increase of the a2-receptors was observed in the hypothalamus.In previous studies, we showed that electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus of 15-day-old rats significantly enhanced the learning of various tasks examined 4 weeks later. We first demonstrated that this stimulation improved the acquisition and extinction of a foodreinforced task (Velley & Cardo, 1977). In subsequent experiments, we observed the same effect on the acquisition and reversal of a light-dark discrimination, whether appetitively or aversively reinforced, as well as on the acquisition of a one-way avoidance task (Velley, Chassaing, & Cardo, 1981).

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“…However, when the similar type of stressor is applied it could result in decrease, increase or no change in these neuroendocrine markers [18][19][20] . The present study confirms earlier reports from our laboratory that in EPM test, acute RS produced neurobehavioral suppression as was evident from reduced % OAE and % OAT, suggestive of an anxiogenic response [2,6,21] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of chronic predictable and unpredictable stress on neurobehavioral and biochemical responses in rats

Thakur¹,

Anand²,

Ray³

et al. 2015

Ther Targets Neurol Dis

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The present study was designed to investigate the effects of exposure to chronic predictable and unpredictable stress on neurobehavioral and biochemical responses in rats. Male Wistar rats (200-250g) were exposed to either chronic predictable stress (CPS) i.e. immobilization for 1 hour/day for 14 days or chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) i.e. daily a different, random, novel stressor sequence (immobilization stress for 1h, footshock, cold stress, overnight food and water deprivation and social isolation) for 14 days. Behavioral responses were assessed by the elevated plus maze (EPM) test and biochemical parameters, viz. malondialdehyde (MDA, a marker of oxidative stress) and stable NO metabolites (NOx, marker of nitrosative stress), were measured in brain homogenates of the rats. Exposure to chronic CPS resulted in adaptation to neurobehavioral suppression in the EPM (as observed after acute Restraint stress), which was not seen after CUS. These behavioral changes after CPS and CUS were closely paralleled by alterations in the levels of brain MDA and NOx. These results suggest that CPS and CUS results in differential modulation of the neurobehavioral profile and oxidative/nitrosative stress markers in the brain. Keywords:Chronic

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Parameters of novelty, shock predictability and response contingency in corticosterone release in the rat

Cited by 187 publications

References 25 publications

Metabolic markers following beta-adrenoceptor agonist infusion in footshock-stressed rats

Metabolic markers following beta-adrenoceptor agonist infusion in footshock-stressed rats

Long-term modulation of learning following locus coeruleus stimulation: Behavioral and neurochemical data

Differential effects of chronic predictable and unpredictable stress on neurobehavioral and biochemical responses in rats

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