Parameters of a Light Bullet

Analytical Description of the Dynamics of Planar Pulses Propagating in the Mode of Tunnel Ionization

“…However, since the shift in frequency is included in the system of equations for the signal parameters through higher dispersion and nonlinearity [34], this instability at the initial stage of dynamics can be ignored. As was shown in [28,35,36], ionization-induced absorption also means the signal propagates in the mode of a light bullet at distances of several millimeters in a dielectric.…”

“…We take sapphire as a material. For sapphire refractive index on the wavelength in the mid-infrared range can be written as [37] ( 27) and the GVD coefficient is determined by the dependence (28) The nonlinear refractive index is approximated by the relation [38] (29)…”

“…There are two limiting modes, depending on the Keldysh parameter: multiphoton and tunneling ionization. It is of interest to analyze pulses propagating in the mode of tunneling ionization, since the region of the anomalous group velocity dispersion in most media belongs to the infrared transmission band [28]. The limit of tunneling ionization was studied in [28] mostly through experiments and numerical modeling, due to the mathematical difficulties in describing the contribution of the tunneling ionization to the signal dynamics.…”

“…It is of interest to analyze pulses propagating in the mode of tunneling ionization, since the region of the anomalous group velocity dispersion in most media belongs to the infrared transmission band [28]. The limit of tunneling ionization was studied in [28] mostly through experiments and numerical modeling, due to the mathematical difficulties in describing the contribution of the tunneling ionization to the signal dynamics. The Keldysh formula for the mode of tunneling ionization was approximated by a linear function in [19], and Talepbour et al proposed using the power dependence of the rate of ionization on intensity for this purpose [29].…”

Material dispersion effect on the oscillations of a single-cycle wave packet

“…The LB is a wave packet that, during diffraction and anomalous GVD in the absence of any guiding structures, is extremely compressed in time and space due to self-phase modulation in a medium with Kerr nonlinearity [10]. The light field of the LB is localized in its core, the duration of which is one or two periods of optical oscillations, the diameterof the order of five wavelengths [11]. The LB's core contains about 10% of the energy of the wave packet, the peak strength of the electric field corresponds to the intensity of ∼ 50 TW/cm 2 .…”