Parameters influencing the sonic velocity in compact calcified tissues of various species

Lees, Sidney; Ahern, J. M.; Leonard, Morton H.

doi:10.1121/1.389723

Cited by 92 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…Extracellular bone tissue mass densities as determined from Eqs. (1) and (2) have been documented by Lees et al [1979aLees et al [ , 1983; Lees [1987]; Lees and Page [1992]; Lees et al [1995]; Lees [2003]; Biltz and Pellegrino [1969]; Broz et al [1995]; Gong et al [1964a]; Burns [1929]; Hammett [1925], see Tables 1-5.…”

Section: Mass and Volume Measurements -Mass Densitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such weight fractions have been documented by Lees et al [1979aLees et al [ , 1983; Lees [1987]; Lees and Page [1992]; Lees et al [1995]; Lees [2003], and Eqs. (13) to (15) are used to compute the apparent mass densities, as given in Tables 1 and 2.…”

Section: Dehydration-demineralization Tests -Concentrations Of Hydroxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental data of Lees et al [1979aLees et al [ , 1995Lees et al [ , 1983; Lees [1987Lees [ , 2003; Lees and Page [1992]; Biltz and Pellegrino [1969]; Gong et al [1964a]; Burns [1929]; Hammett [1925] refer to mass density determination according to Archimedes' principle: The mass of samples with a typical size of a few millimeters is measured in air. Hence, the respective value M air refers to a state of empty vascular and lacunar pores, but with wet extracellular (ec) bone matrix.…”

Section: Mass and Volume Measurements -Mass Densitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the protocols of Lees et al [1979aLees et al [ , 1983; Lees [1987]; Lees and Page [1992], Lees et al [1995]; Lees [2003], bone samples are dried in a vacuum dessicator at room temperature, until a constant mass is observed (typically after 7 days). This mass is the mass of the dehydrated extracellular bone tissue, M dry .…”

Section: Dehydration-demineralization Tests -Concentrations Of Hydroxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These mass density-elasticity relations can be independently checked through ultrasonic experiments at a frequency of 10 MHz [Lees et al, 1979b[Lees et al, , 1983[Lees et al, , 1995, revealing the elastic properties of extracellular bone matrix as [Carcione, 2001;Fritsch and Hellmich, 2007]…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bone fibrillogenesis and mineralization: Quantitative analysis and implications for tissue elasticity

Vuong

Hellmich

2011

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Data from bone drying, demineralization, and deorganification tests, collected over a time span of more than eighty years, evidence a myriad of different chemical compositions of different bone materials. However, careful analysis of the data, as to extract the chemical concentrations of hydroxyapatite, of water, and of organic material (mainly collagen) in the extracellular bone matrix, reveals an astonishing fact: it appears that there exists a unique bilinear relationship between organic concentration and mineral concentration, across different species, organs, and age groups, from early childhood to OLD AGE: During organ growth, the mineral concentration increases linearly with the organic concentration (which increases during fibrillogenesis), while from adulthood on, further increase of the mineral concentration is accompanied by a decrease in organic concentration. These relationships imply unique mass density-concentration laws for fibrillogenesis and mineralization, which -in combination with micromechanical models -deliver 'universal' mass density-elasticity relationships in extracellular bone matrix -valid across different species, organs, and ages. They turn out as quantitative reflections of the well-instrumented interplay of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and their precursors, controlling, in a fine-tuned fashion, the chemical genesis and continuous transformation of the extracellular bone matrix. Considerations of the aformentioned rules may strongly affect the potential success of tissue engineering strategies, in particular when translating, via micromechanics, the aformentioned growth and mineralization characteristics into tissue-specific elastic properties.

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Section: Mass and Volume Measurements -Mass Densitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dehydration-demineralization Tests -Concentrations Of Hydroxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mass and Volume Measurements -Mass Densitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dehydration-demineralization Tests -Concentrations Of Hydroxmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bone fibrillogenesis and mineralization: Quantitative analysis and implications for tissue elasticity

Vuong

Hellmich

2011

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Bone and Teeth, Properties of

Lakes

Katz

2006

Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation

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Bone has a variety of functions in the body of which some of the most important are structural in nature: protection of vulnerable body parts, support of the body, and to provide muscle attachments. A knowledge of the mechanical and adaptive properties of bone is useful in the design and use of prostheses that replace a bone or a portion of a bone. Mechanical properties of bone are also of interest in trauma biomechanics and in efforts to prevent injury to the body. As for teeth, they also are replaced by artificial materials which are called upon to perform the mechanical functions of the original tooth. This article contains a survey of known properties of bone and teeth and their components collagen and apatite, with an emphasis on bone and its mechanical properties.

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Sound transmission in archaic and modern whales: Anatomical adaptations for underwater hearing

Nummela

Thewissen

Bajpai

et al. 2007

The Anatomical Record

100

111

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The whale ear, initially designed for hearing in air, became adapted for hearing underwater in less than ten million years of evolution. This study describes the evolution of underwater hearing in cetaceans, focusing on changes in sound transmission mechanisms. Measurements were made on 60 fossils of whole or partial skulls, isolated tympanics, middle ear ossicles, and mandibles from all six archaeocete families. Fossil data were compared with data on two families of modern mysticete whales and nine families of modern odontocete cetaceans, as well as five families of noncetacean mammals. Results show that the outer ear pinna and external auditory meatus were functionally replaced by the mandible and the mandibular fat pad, which posteriorly contacts the tympanic plate, the lateral wall of the bulla. Changes in the ear include thickening of the tympanic bulla medially, isolation of the tympanoperiotic complex by means of air sinuses, functional replacement of the tympanic membrane by a bony plate, and changes in ossicle shapes and orientation. Pakicetids, the earliest archaeocetes, had a land mammal ear for hearing in air, and used bone conduction underwater, aided by the heavy tympanic bulla. Remingtonocetids and protocetids were the first to display a genuine underwater ear where sound reached the inner ear through the mandibular fat pad, the tympanic plate, and the middle ear ossicles. Basilosaurids and dorudontids showed further aquatic adaptations of the ossicular chain and the acoustic isolation of the ear complex from the skull. The land mammal ear and the generalized modern whale ear are evolutionarily stable configurations, two ends of a process where the cetacean mandible might have been a keystone character.

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Parameters influencing the sonic velocity in compact calcified tissues of various species

Cited by 92 publications

References 0 publications

Bone fibrillogenesis and mineralization: Quantitative analysis and implications for tissue elasticity

Bone fibrillogenesis and mineralization: Quantitative analysis and implications for tissue elasticity

Bone and Teeth, Properties of

Sound transmission in archaic and modern whales: Anatomical adaptations for underwater hearing

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