Parameters Characterization of Dielectric Materials Samples in Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Bands

Abstract

In this work, an optimized broadband method using multilayer transmission lines to characterize dielectric permittivity and loss tangent of material samples is presented. For this purpose, a microstrip line loaded with a piece of the selected dielectric to be characterized is used. From two-port measurements, and using different length lines, the propagation constant can be obtained. To minimize random errors and to improve the accuracy, an over determination of the method increasing the number of lines measured and a criteria to choose the optimal line lengths is considered. Firstly, the measurement method itself is applied to uncovered microstrip lines and an accurate model of the substrate is obtained. Secondly, the lines are covered with several materials, made by FDM additive manufacturing technique, such as Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polylactic Acid (PLA), High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS), Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU), Copolyester (CPE), FLEX, Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) and Nylon. A model of the transmission line considering the cover is developed and an electromagnetic simulator is used to indirectly determine the cover material electrical parameters. Results show excellent agreement with electromagnetic simulations in the 0.1-to 67-GHz frequency band, so they assess the suitability of the proposed method.

Setup for Material Characterization in the 110-170 GHz Band

“…The complex relative permittivity results, presented in Figs. 3, closely align with expectations for the material (relative permittivity, ε ′ r , close to 2.5 and relative permeability, µ ′ r close to 1) [6]. The real part remains relatively flat, affected only at resonance points in which the wavelength is a multiple of the sample thickness.…”

“…Our starting point is the method presented in [5]. We will do a variation to characterize materials in the millimeter-wave band (110-170 GHz) to characterize a sample of HIPS [6], a material available for 3D printing that has gained importance in recent years due to its low losses and permittivity close to 2.5. The presented broadband method is based on free-space measurement and reference-plane invariance.…”

Electromagnetic metamaterials for biomedical applications: short review and trends

“…8c). The molds to hold the phantom mixtures are usually 3D printed structures made by Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) that exhibits e r ≈ 2.6 and e r ≈ 2.4 respectively at microwave and mm-wave frequencies with low losses [83]. Phantoms are grouped into three main categories based on their composition: a) gel-like phantoms [77,84,85], b) liquid phantoms [81,86] and c) solid phantoms [82].…”

Scientometric Analysis and Systematic Review of Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing of Polymers

“…In the earlier stage of FDM, the printing potential was limited by a small selection of thermoplastic filament materials [ 61 ]. Fortunately, with an increasing variety of filament materials offering a wide range of physical, mechanical, and electronic properties, FDM is now highly compatible with a wider range of materials, including acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) [ 62 , 63 , 64 ], polycaprolactone (PCL) [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ], polylactic acid (PLA) [ 69 , 70 , 71 ], nylon [ 72 , 73 , 74 ], polypropylene (PP) [ 75 , 76 , 77 ], thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) [ 78 , 79 ], polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [ 80 , 81 ], high impact polystyrene (HIPS) [ 82 , 83 ], and composite filaments [ 84 ]. Therefore, multi-material 3D printing using FDM has drawn growing interest in recent years.…”