Parameters affecting germinability and seed bank dynamics in dimorphic achenes of <i>Centaurea solstitialis</i> in California

Joley, D. B.; Maddox, D. M.; Schoenig, Steve; Mackey, Bruce E.

doi:10.1139/b03-093

Cited by 26 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The species forms persistent seed banks in Turkey (Uygur et al 2004), Georgia (C. Lortie and J. L. Hierro unpubl. ), California (Joley et al 2003, C. Lortie and J. L. Hierro unpubl. ), and central Argentina (C. Lortie and J. L. Hierro unpubl.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination responses of an invasive species in native and non-native ranges

Hierro

Eren²,

Khetsuriani³

et al. 2009

Oikos

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Studying germination in the native and non‐native range of a species can provide unique insights into processes of range expansion and adaptation; however, traits related to germination have rarely been compared between native and non‐native populations. In a series of common garden experiments, we explored whether differences in the seasonality of precipitation, specifically, summer drought vs summer rain, and the amount and variation of annual and seasonal precipitation affect the germination responses of populations of an annual ruderal plant, Centaurea solstitialis, from its native range and from two non‐native regions with different climates. We found that seeds from all native populations, irrespective of the precipitation seasonality of the region in which they occurred, and non‐native populations from regions with dry summers displayed similarly high germination proportions and rates. In contrast, genotypes from the non‐native region with predominantly summer rain exhibited much lower germination fractions and rates. Also, percent germination was strongly correlated with variation in precipitation in winter, the season that follows germination for C. solstitialis. Specifically, germination was lower for native and non‐native populations experiencing greater variation in winter precipitation. This correlation, however, was greatly influenced by the non‐native region with summer rain, which also exhibited the greatest variation in winter precipitation among studied regions. These results suggest that rather than general climatic patterns, the degree of risk experienced at early developmental stages could exert an important control over the germination strategy of C. solstitialis populations in both native and non‐native ranges. Also, these findings reveal a largely unique germination response in C. solstitialis genotypes growing in the non‐native region with summer rain and high variation in winter precipitation. Our work raises the possibility that rapid adaptive changes in germination strategies may contribute to the success of globally distributed invaders.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination responses of an invasive species in native and non-native ranges

Hierro

Eren²,

Khetsuriani³

et al. 2009

Oikos

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“…Seeds falling in summer soon become dormant and require cooler temperatures before germinating, usually soon after the start of winter rains. Seeds buried in soil can remain viable for several years and will germinate after exposure to light when the soil is disturbed (Joley et al, 2003 and Refs. therein).…”

Section: Weed Distribution Ecology and Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological host range of Ceratapion basicorne, a prospective biological control agent of Centaurea solstitialis (Asteraceae)

Smith

2007

Biological Control

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Ceratapion basicorne (Coleoptera: Apionidae) is a weevil native to Europe and western Asia that is being evaluated as a prospective classical biological control agent of Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) in the United States. Host plant speciWcity of the insect was evaluated in no-choice oviposition experiments. Feeding on leaf tissue by adult females was highly correlated to oviposition rate, both of which occurred primarily on plants in the tribe Cardueae, and especially those in the monophyletic subtribe Centaureinae. The highest rates of larval development occurred on Ce. solstitialis and Centaurea cyanus (bachelor's button, garden cornXower), and there was signiWcant development on Centaurea melitensis (Napa starthistle, tocalote), Cnicus benedictus (blessed thistle), Carthamus tinctorius (saZower), and Crupina vulgaris (common crupina). All the plants that supported some larval development are within a monophyletic clade within the Centaureinae. No native North American plants appear to be at risk of signiWcant damage by this insect. Additional testing of saZower and bachelor's button under choice conditions should complement these results to help determine the degree to which these plants are at risk.

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“…This phenomenon is known as fruit/seed heteromorphism, and it is considered to be an adaptation via bet-hedging of species to a temporally and spatially variable (unpredictable) environment (Venable and Lawlor, 1980;Venable, 1985a,b;Cheptou et al, 2008). Heteromorphic fruits/seeds have been studied most extensively in species with dimorphic aerial diaspores (heterodiaspory sensu Mandák, 1997;, which differ in dispersal mode and ability (Sorensen, 1978;Baker and O'Dowd, 1982;Ma et al, 2010), degree of dormancy/germination characteristics (Venable and Levin, 1985a;El-Keblawy, 2003;Brändel, 2004) and ability to persist in a seed bank (Philipupillai and Ungar, 1984;Venable and Levin, 1985b;Joley et al, 2003;Cao et al, 2012). However, the fates of dimorphic fruits/seeds beginning with seed release and ending with germination and beyond have been documented for only a few heteromorphic species in the soil seed bank (Venable and Levin, 1985a,b;Venable et al, 1987;Mandák and Pyšek, 2005;Cao et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%