Parameterized Vertical Concentration Profiles for Aerosols in the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Nissanka, Indrajith D.; Park, Hyungwon John; Freire, Livia S.; Chamecki, Marcelo; Reid, Jeffrey S.; Richter, David H.

doi:10.1029/2018jd028820

Cited by 9 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…The exponent p = 2 has been commonly used in the literature (Nissanka et al, 2018), while values between 2 and 3 agree with different observed profiles.…”

Section: Turbulent Mixingsupporting

confidence: 53%

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FORest Canopy Atmosphere Transfer (FORCAsT) 2.0: model updates and evaluation with observations at a mixed forest site

Wei

Alwe

Millet

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. The FORCAsT (FORest Canopy Atmosphere Transfer) model version 1.0 is updated to FORCAsT 2.0 by implementing five major changes, including (1) a change to the operator splitting, separating chemistry from emission and dry deposition, which reduces the run time of the gas-phase chemistry by 70 % and produces a more realistic in-canopy profile for isoprene; (2) a modification of the eddy diffusivity parameterization to produce greater and more realistic vertical mixing in the boundary layer, which ameliorates the unrealistic simulated end-of-day peaks in isoprene under well-mixed conditions and improves daytime air temperature; (3) updates to dry deposition velocities with available measurements; (4) implementation of the Reduced Caltech isoprene mechanism (RCIM) to reflect the current knowledge of isoprene oxidation; and (5) extension of the aerosol module to include isoprene-derived aerosol (iSOA) formation. Along with the operator splitting, modified vertical mixing and dry deposition, RCIM improves the estimation of first generation isoprene oxidation products (methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein) and some second generation products (such as isoprene epoxydiols). Inclusion of isoprene in the aerosol module in FORCAsT 2.0 leads to a 7 % mass yield of iSOA. The most important iSOA precursors are IEPOX and tetrafunctionals, which together account for > 86 % of total iSOA. The iSOA formed from organic nitrates are more important in the canopy, accounting for 11 % of the total iSOA. The tetrafunctionals compose up to 23 % of the total iSOA formation, highlighting the importance of the fate (i.e. dry deposition and gas-phase chemistry) of later-generation isoprene oxidation products in estimating iSOA formation.

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“…The exponent p = 2 has been commonly used in the literature (Nissanka et al, 2018), while values between 2 and 3 agree with different observed profiles.…”

Section: Turbulent Mixingsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The calculation for z i starts when the heat flux (w θ ) cpy first becomes positive in the morning, and continues one more hour after (w θ ) cpy becomes negative. The stability function φ(z/L) is given in equation 9 (Nissanka et al, 2018):…”

Section: Turbulent Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

FORest Canopy Atmosphere Transfer (FORCAsT) 2.0: model updates and evaluation with observations at a mixed forest site

Wei

Alwe

Millet

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…D. Wei et al: FORest Canopy Atmosphere Transfer (FORCAsT) 2.0 The exponent p = 2 has been commonly used in the literature (Nissanka et al, 2018), while values between 2 and 3 agree with different observed profiles. The eddy diffusivity (K) parameterization based on mixing-length theory in FORCAsT 1.0 is described as follows, with greater detail presented in Forkel et al (2006) and Bryan et al (2012):…”

Section: Turbulent Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

FORest Canopy Atmosphere Transfer (FORCAsT) 2.0: model updates and evaluation with observations at a mixed forest site

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The FORCAsT (FORest Canopy Atmosphere Transfer) model version 1.0 is updated to FORCAsT 2.0 by implementing five major changes, including (1) a change to the operator splitting, separating chemistry from emission and dry deposition, which reduces the run time of the gas-phase chemistry by 70 % and produces a more realistic in-canopy profile for isoprene; (2) a modification of the eddy diffusivity parameterization to produce greater and more realistic vertical mixing in the boundary layer, which ameliorates the unrealistic simulated end-of-day peaks in isoprene under well-mixed conditions and improves daytime air temperature; (3) updates to dry deposition velocities with available measurements; (4) implementation of the Reduced Caltech Isoprene Mechanism (RCIM) to reflect the current knowledge of isoprene oxidation; and (5) extension of the aerosol module to include isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (iSOA) formation. Along with the operator splitting, modified vertical mixing, and dry deposition, RCIM improves the estimation of first-generation isoprene oxidation products (methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein) and some second-generation products (such as isoprene epoxydiols). Inclusion of isoprene in the aerosol module in FORCAsT 2.0 leads to a 7 % mass yield of iSOA. The most important iSOA precursors are IEPOX and tetrafunctionals, which together account for >86 % of total iSOA. The iSOA formed from organic nitrates is more important in the canopy, accounting for 11 % of the total iSOA. The tetrafunctionals compose up to 23 % of the total iSOA formation, highlighting the importance of the fate (i.e., dry deposition and gas-phase chemistry) of later-generation isoprene oxidation products in estimating iSOA formation.

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“…It is apparent that the chemistry delineated by our experiments and analysis could rapidly process marine biogenic gas emissions whether at the ocean surface or on SSA. 49,73−75…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that this estimate could be a lower limit if the reaction were also partially controlled by aqueous phase resistance in the surface of water. It is apparent that the chemistry delineated by our experiments and analysis could rapidly process marine biogenic gas emissions whether at the ocean surface or on SSA. ,− …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodide Accelerates the Processing of Biogenic Monoterpene Emissions on Marine Aerosols

2019

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Marine photosynthetic organisms emit organic gases, including the polyolefins isoprene (C 5 H 8 ) and monoterpenes (MTPs, C 10 H 16 ), into the boundary layer. Their atmospheric processing produces particles that influence cloud formation and growth and, as a result, the Earth’s radiation balance. Here, we report that the heterogeneous ozonolysis of dissolved α-pinene by O 3 (g) on aqueous surfaces is dramatically accelerated by I – , an anion enriched in the ocean upper microlayer and sea spray aerosols (SSAs). In our experiments, liquid microjets of α-pinene solutions, with and without added I – , are dosed with O 3 (g) for τ < 10 μs and analyzed online by pneumatic ionization mass spectrometry. In the absence of I – , α-pinene does not detectably react with O 3 (g) under present conditions. In the presence of ≥ 0.01 mM I – , in contrast, new signals appear at m / z = 169 (C 9 H 13 O 3 – ), m / z = 183 (C 10 H 15 O 3 – ), m / z = 199 (C 10 H 15 O 4 – ), m / z = 311 (C 10 H 16 IO 3 – ), and m / z = 461 (C 20 H 30 IO 4 – ), plus m / z = 175 (IO 3 – ), and m / z = 381 (I 3 – ). Collisional fragmentation splits CO 2 from C 9 H 13 O 3 – , C 10 H 15 O 3 – and C 10 H 15 O 4 – , and I – plus IO – from C 10 H 16 IO 3 – as expected from a trioxide IOOO • C 10 H 16 – structure. We infer that the oxidative processing of α-pinene on aqueous surfaces is significantly accelerated by I – via the formation of IOOO – intermediates that are more reactive than O ...

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Parameterized Vertical Concentration Profiles for Aerosols in the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

FORest Canopy Atmosphere Transfer (FORCAsT) 2.0: model updates and evaluation with observations at a mixed forest site

FORest Canopy Atmosphere Transfer (FORCAsT) 2.0: model updates and evaluation with observations at a mixed forest site

FORest Canopy Atmosphere Transfer (FORCAsT) 2.0: model updates and evaluation with observations at a mixed forest site

Iodide Accelerates the Processing of Biogenic Monoterpene Emissions on Marine Aerosols

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