Parameterizations of the linear energy transfer spectrum for the CRaTER instrument during the LRO mission

Townsend, L. W.; Charara, Y; Delauder, N.; PourArsalan, M.; Anderson, Jamie A.; Fisher, Cyomara; Spence, H. E.; Schwadron, N. A.; Golightly, M. J.; Cucinotta, F. A.

doi:10.1029/2009sw000526

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“… Townsend et al [2010] prepared detailed estimates of LET spectra in the six silicon detectors and two tissue‐equivalent plastic segments were made using the beta version of the High Energy Transport Code for Human Exploration and Development in Space (HETC‐HEDS) Monte Carlo transport code. Tables of LET in each detector component, for incident particle elemental species from hydrogen through iron, were carried out at incident particle energies from 20 MeV/nucleon to 3 GeV/nucleon.…”

Section: Changes In Gcrs In An Extended Solar Minimum (Cycles 23 To 24)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Galactic cosmic ray radiation hazard in the unusual extended solar minimum between solar cycles 23 and 24

et al. 2010

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1] Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are extremely difficult to shield against and pose one of the most severe long-term hazards for human exploration of space. The recent solar minimum between solar cycles 23 and 24 shows a prolonged period of reduced solar activity and low interplanetary magnetic field strengths. As a result, the modulation of GCRs is very weak, and the fluxes of GCRs are near their highest levels in the last 25 years in the fall of 2009. Here we explore the dose rates of GCRs in the current prolonged solar minimum and make predictions for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER), which is now measuring GCRs in the lunar environment. Our results confirm the weak modulation of GCRs leading to the largest dose rates seen in the last 25 years over a prolonged period of little solar activity. Citation: Schwadron, N. A., A. J. Boyd, K. Kozarev, M. Golightly, H. Spence, L. W. Townsend, and M. Owens (2010), Galactic cosmic ray radiation hazard in the unusual extended solar minimum between solar cycles 23 and 24, Space Weather, 8, S00E04,

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Section: Changes In Gcrs In An Extended Solar Minimum (Cycles 23 To 24)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Galactic cosmic ray radiation hazard in the unusual extended solar minimum between solar cycles 23 and 24

et al. 2010

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“…[23] Some predictions of the lineal energy spectrum that would be observed by CRaTER were published before observations from the CRaTER instrument were available [Townsend et al, 2010]. We leave detailed comparisons between the observations discussed in this paper and current state-of-the-art models for other studies [e.g., Porter et al, 2013; this issue].…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The deep space galactic cosmic ray lineal energy spectrum at solar minimum

et al. 2013

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[1] The Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) instrument is an energetic particle telescope on board the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft. CRaTER measures energetic charged particles that have sufficient energy to penetrate the outer shielding of the instrument (about 12 MeV/nucleon). Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) with these energies are the primary radiation concern for spacecraft and astronauts outside of the Earth's magnetosphere during times of minimal solar activity. These particles can easily penetrate typical shielding and damage electronics, causing increased electronics failure rates and single event upsets. When this radiation impacts biological cells, it causes an increased risk of cancer. The CRaTER instrument was built to characterize the radiation dose and lineal energy with unprecedented time and energy resolution and was fortuitously flown during a period of time that coincided with the highest GCR fluxes in the modern space age. We report here this worst-case GCR lineal energy spectrum. Observations are made behind a thin aluminum window and different thicknesses of tissue-equivalent plastic. These measurements provide important observational data points to compare with current model predictions of the dose deposited by energetic particles within a tissue-like material.

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“…[18] Townsend et al [2010] prepared detailed estimates of LET spectra in the six silicon detectors and two tissueequivalent plastic segments were made using the beta version of the High Energy Transport Code for Human Exploration and Development in Space (HETC-HEDS) Monte Carlo transport code. Tables of LET in each detector component, for incident particle elemental species from hydrogen through iron, were carried out at incident particle energies from 20 MeV/nucleon to 3 GeV/nucleon.…”

Section: Changes In Gcrs In An Extended Solar Minimum (Cycles 23 To 24)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19] Figure 5 shows a comparison between the predictions of dose rate based on the Townsend et al [2010] tables and predictions using the HZETRN model. Both predictions use GCR fluxes based on the Badhwar-O'Neill model.…”

Section: Changes In Gcrs In An Extended Solar Minimum (Cycles 23 To 24)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Decadal Survey

Lanzerotti¹

2010

Space Weather

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Parameterizations of the linear energy transfer spectrum for the CRaTER instrument during the LRO mission

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Galactic cosmic ray radiation hazard in the unusual extended solar minimum between solar cycles 23 and 24

Galactic cosmic ray radiation hazard in the unusual extended solar minimum between solar cycles 23 and 24

The deep space galactic cosmic ray lineal energy spectrum at solar minimum

A New Decadal Survey

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