Parameterization of Directional Absorption of Orographic Gravity Waves and Its Impact on the Atmospheric General Circulation Simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting Model

Xu, Xin; Xue, Ming; Teixeira, Miguel A. C.; Tang, Jianping; Wang, Yuan

doi:10.1175/jas-d-18-0365.1

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The present study focuses exclusively on the characteristics of OGWs at the surface (i.e., at the OGW source). Once generated, OGWs will propagate upward and affect the large-scale mean atmospheric circulation through transport of wave momentum [19]. In the context of climate change, will the propagation of parameterized OGWs also change in response to TP warming?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-local effects of OGWs over the TP have also been found [16,17], using the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS), and can affect the wind circulation and precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere at timescales ranging from days to seasons. For example, changes in the parameterized OGWs over the TP were found to be capable of influencing the wind circulation in the polar stratosphere by modifying the large-scale Rossby waves, because of the compensation between the forcing of OGWs and that of Rossby waves [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Response of Parameterized Orographic Gravity Waves to Rapid Warming over the Tibetan Plateau

Wang

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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Using the ERA-Interim reanalysis during 1979–2017, this work for the first time investigates the climatology and long-term trend of orographic gravity waves (OGWs) in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The linkage between the trends of OGWs and the rapid warming over the TP is also studied. Climatologically, the most prominent surface wave momentum flux (SWMF) of OGWs occurs in the western and southeastern TP, while it is weak in the central TP. The SWMF is stronger in winter and spring than in autumn and summer. Overall, the mean SWMF over the TP experienced a weak decreasing trend. The decrease of SWMF mainly took place in the western and southeastern TP in spring. However, increasing trends were found in the central TP in winter. Changes of SWMF are mainly caused by the changes of horizontal wind near the surface, while buoyancy frequency and air density play a minor role. In response to the inhomogeneous warming over the TP, the surface winds were adjusted through thermal wind balance. In spring (winter), the most remarkable warming occurred in the northern (southern) TP, which reduced (enhanced) the meridional temperature gradient across the plateau, and thus led to a deceleration (acceleration) of the horizontal wind.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Response of Parameterized Orographic Gravity Waves to Rapid Warming over the Tibetan Plateau

Wang

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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“…However, the impacts of different components of SOD on the East Asia summer monsoon circulation and precipitation are robust, for example, upper-level GWD, which is confirmed by running another sensitivity experiment with the upper-level GWD only (not shown). Xu et al (2019), the model horizontal resolution is set to 1°× 1°, with 41 levels in the vertical. The model top is placed at 10 hPa, accompanied with a sponge layer in the uppermost 5 km to damp the waves reflected from the model top.…”

Section: Setup Of Numerical Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Subgrid Orographic Drag on the Summer Monsoon Circulation and Precipitation in East Asia

Zhang

Wang

2020

JGR Atmospheres

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This work is an investigation of the impacts of three different components of parameterized subgrid orographic drag (SOD) on the summer monsoon circulation and precipitation in East Asia, that is, flow‐blocking drag (FBD), low‐level gravity wave drag (GWD), and upper‐level GWD. Using the global Weather Research and Forecasting model, a series of numerical experiments are conducted with different configurations of SOD parameterization. In the case of no SOD, the simulated lower tropospheric winds are too strong in an elongated region extending from East China to the east of Japan, accompanied with excessive rainfall. The intensity of the western Pacific subtropical high is overestimated, thus suppressing the precipitation over the subtropical ocean. With the parameterization of SOD, the circulation and precipitation biases are alleviated, depending on the geographical and vertical distribution of SOD. The FBD is very weak and only contributes to the circulation in eastern East Asia. Contrastingly, there is remarkable low‐level GWD in the lower latitudes which helps reduce the low‐level wind biases in South China. The upper‐level GWD only occurs in the midlatitudes, preferentially above the subtropical jet. It can not only decelerate the winds in the midlatitudes but also reduce the southwesterlies in East China through the interaction with the upper‐level jet. Alleviation of precipitation bias over the land of East Asia is primarily due to the low‐level GWD which weakens the water vapor flux. In contrast, the upper‐level GWD has the greatest contribution to the enhancement of precipitation over the subtropical ocean by increasing the low‐level lifting.

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“…It is well known that gravity waves play an important role at lower levels of the atmosphere and influence weather and meteorological phenomena [10]. Some studies demonstrated the importance of applying gravity wave models to improve the accuracy of weather forecast and global circulation models [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravity Wave Investigations over Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station in 2017: General Characteristics, Wind Filtering and Case Study

et al. 2020

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This work presents the characteristics of gravity waves observed over Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station (EACF: 62.1° S, 58.4° W). A total of 122 gravity waves were observed in 34 nights from March to October 2017, and their parameters were obtained by using the Fourier Transform spectral analysis. The majority of the observed waves presented horizontal wavelength ranging from 15 to 35 km, period from 5 to 20 min, and horizontal phase speed from 10 to 70 ± 2 m·s−1. The propagation direction showed an anisotropic condition, with the slower wave propagating mainly to the west, northwest and southeast directions, while the faster waves propagate to the east, southeast and south. Blocking diagrams for the period of April–July showed a good agreement between the wave propagation direction and the blocking positions, which are eastward oriented while the waves propagate mainly westward. A case study to investigate wave sources was conducted for the night of 20–21 July, wherein eight small-scale and one medium-scale gravity waves were identified. Reverse ray tracing model was used to investigate the gravity wave source, and the results showed that six among eight small-scale gravity waves were generated in the mesosphere. On the other hand, only two small-scale waves and the medium-scale gravity wave had likely tropospheric or stratospheric origin, however, they could not be associated with any reliable source.

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Parameterization of Directional Absorption of Orographic Gravity Waves and Its Impact on the Atmospheric General Circulation Simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting Model

Cited by 10 publications

References 64 publications

The Response of Parameterized Orographic Gravity Waves to Rapid Warming over the Tibetan Plateau

The Response of Parameterized Orographic Gravity Waves to Rapid Warming over the Tibetan Plateau

Impacts of Subgrid Orographic Drag on the Summer Monsoon Circulation and Precipitation in East Asia

Gravity Wave Investigations over Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station in 2017: General Characteristics, Wind Filtering and Case Study

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