Parameter Recognition of Mode-Converted Wave in Single-Source Ultrasound Using Gabor Transform for Bolt Axial Stress Evaluation

Chen, Ping; Xingliang, He; Song, Wei Ju

doi:10.1155/2020/8883845

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…To improve the accuracy of ultrasonic measurements and to reduce the influence of environmental factors during the measurement process, Kim et al [15] introduced a novel mode conversion ultrasonic technology. Chen et al [16] proposed a time-frequency parameter identification method based on the Gabor transform and a novel axial stress evaluation model for bolts. To minimize the influence of ambient temperature, Pan et al [17] established a mathematical model for measuring bolt preload during assembly, taking into account the shape factor and combining both longitudinal and transverse waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Preload Detection Technology in Suspension Bridge Cable Clamp Bolts Based on the Pull-Out Method

Mu,

Zhu,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Buildings

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The pull-out method is a simple and effective method for detecting the preload of suspension bridge cable clamp bolts. However, research on the pull-out method is currently limited. The force principles governing the bolt during the pulling process are unclear, and the relationship between tension force and the desired preload remains uncertain. This paper aims to explore the force principles of bolts during the pull-out method detection process through a combined approach of theoretical analysis, full-scale test, and finite element simulation. The results indicate that the bolt preload increases during the pulling process. The preload detected by the pull-out method is not the initial preload of the bolt, but rather it exceeds the initial preload. The force relationships among various components are determined as follows: the preload subtracts the change value of the force exerted by the nut at the tension end, which equals the change value of tension force. Additionally, an analysis of the impact of the length of the bolt clamping section and the bolt area on the preload was conducted. Under the same bolt area, a shorter clamping section length corresponds to a greater increase in preload. With the same clamping section length, the increment of preload increases with the bolt area. These findings can serve as references for detecting and specifying the preload of the bolts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Preload Detection Technology in Suspension Bridge Cable Clamp Bolts Based on the Pull-Out Method

Mu,

Zhu,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Buildings

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“…Since the velocity of longitudinal waves is nearly twice that of shear waves, the longitudinal waves excited by electromagnetic ultrasound are more efficient in the detection of the thickness of large aluminum plates and other similar metals. Furthermore, the longitudinal waves combined with the shear waves excited by the EMAT probe could take advantage of contactless detection in measurements of stress and elastic constants [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Design of the Dual-Mode and Pure Longitudinal EMAT by Using a Radial-Flux-Focusing Magnet

Zhang

et al. 2022

Sensors

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An electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is suitable for measuring the propagation time more accurately without causing abrasion to the transducer during testing due to the principle of its excitation. This work designs a flux-concentrating EMAT with a radial-flux-focusing permanent magnet to significantly enhance static magnetic field strength. Through theoretical analysis and finite element simulation, two kinds of coils are designed according to the concentration areas of the horizontal and vertical components of the magnetic field. One is used to generate pure longitudinal waves, and the other is used to generate both longitudinal waves and shear waves. The experimental comparison shows that the amplitudes of the pure longitudinal wave and the dual-mode wave excited by the two kinds of coils with the radial-flux-focusing magnet are more than two times higher than those with the ordinary magnet. Therefore, the flux-concentrating EMAT with the appropriate coil provides an insight into realizing more accurate detection where longitudinal wave detection is required.

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“…In contrast to the above methods, benefiting from their advantages of high precision, excellent real−time performance, and strong sensing penetration, ultrasonic sensors have been widely used for the detection of axial stress in bolts since the 1980s [12][13][14][15]. A great deal of research has been conducted on ultrasonic theory and equipment to determine or evaluate the axial preload in bolts [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Axial Preload in Different-Frequency Smart Bolts by Laser Ultrasound

Ren

Zhan²,

Liu

et al. 2022

Sensors

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We report here on a laser ultrasonic system to indirectly evaluate the preload force of different-frequency piezoelectric bolts. This newly developed system enables us to achieve the goal of non-contact excitation and synchronously collects the laser-induced ultrasonic signal by the combination of a smart piezoelectric sensor and a magnetically mounted transducer connector. A numerical model based on the finite element method (FEM) was developed to simulate the propagation and displacement distribution of laser-generated ultrasonic waves along the axial direction. The measured A-scan waveform basically coincided with the counterpart obtained from a theoretical simulation, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed system to measure a bolt. By comparison, a laser spot diameter of 6 mm was the optimal beam diameter for the excitation of the ultrasonic wave in the bolt. The linear relationship between time of flight (TOF) of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave and bolt torque was almost independent from the center frequency of the smart bolt. By contrast, a piezoelectric patch centered at 5 MHz was more suitable as an ultrasonic sensor in terms of the nonlinear effects component suppression and linear fitting degree between TOF and torque. The results indicate that the proposed system based on a surface-mounted piezoelectric sensor is a promising system for evaluating the axial preload change of connector and fastener and is an additional potential laser ultrasonic system for nondestructive tests.

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Parameter Recognition of Mode-Converted Wave in Single-Source Ultrasound Using Gabor Transform for Bolt Axial Stress Evaluation

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

A Study of Preload Detection Technology in Suspension Bridge Cable Clamp Bolts Based on the Pull-Out Method

A Study of Preload Detection Technology in Suspension Bridge Cable Clamp Bolts Based on the Pull-Out Method

A New Design of the Dual-Mode and Pure Longitudinal EMAT by Using a Radial-Flux-Focusing Magnet

Evaluation of Axial Preload in Different-Frequency Smart Bolts by Laser Ultrasound

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