In this paper, the parameters identification problem of a class of time-delayed nonlinear systems via target system-based method with intermittent adjustment control is investigated. First of all, for the delayed nonlinear system with unknown parameters, the corresponding target system and adaptive intermittent controllers are given. Then, the update laws of the adaptive parameters and the piecewise control gains are designed accordingly. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory and the piecewise analysis method, by introducing a new piecewise auxiliary function, we can not only achieve the synchronization between the time-delayed nonlinear system with unknown parameters and the target system, but also strictly prove that the adaptive parameters will converge to the actual values of the unknown parameters. Finally, several numerical simulation examples are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.