“…Subsequently, the objective function of Substructure 1 was established based on its measured displacements under 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8 DOFs, as well as their corresponding analytical displacements. Similarly, the objective function of Substructure 2 was derived based on its measured displacements under 13,14,16,17,19, and 20 DOFs, In those four damage scenarios, Node 4 separates the entire rigid frame structure into two substructures, and the measured displacements are located at 10, 11, and 12 DOFs. Substructures 1 and 2 were extracted from the stiffness matrix of the overall structure.…”