“…Thus, the efficiency and productivity of the excavation can be increased and the associated cost can be reduced. Commonly used parameter identification procedures include using optimization procedures [1,2], genetic algorithms [3,4], neural networks [4,5], evolution algorithms [6], particle swarm optimizations [7], ant colony system algorithms, calibration methods [8], hybrid optimization algorithms [9], and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms [10,11]. Shield tunneling has become a well-established tunnel construction method for various ground conditions.…”