Parameter estimation and optimal control of a batch transesterification reactor: An experimental study

Optimal control in reactive processing for fine chemicals and polymers in stirred jacketed batch and semi-batch reactors: A bibliography

“…In their subsequent work, Amin et al 62 , distinguished between the optimal evolutions for number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight, for low and high pH levels to summarize their optimal ratio: after the starting period of uprisal lasting for 38.89% of total time, but with a slope greater for low pH, the evolution follows the trajectory shifted up by ~around equally to the single/double initial point value, respectively. It is worth mentioning that, De et al 63 , for a jacketed batch reactor, differed the optimal temperature evolutions whereas, inside the reactor/coal, resp., ending with a real bang sequence lasting for even 50%/75% of the total time. However, the optimal coolant flow rate shows that the best strategy is to switch down instantaneously at the very beginning, by 5.2%, but to continue the operation by releasing the valve "progressively")faster at the beginning (within 12.5%) finally to the maximum at almost half of the time.…”

Batch-to-Batch Adaptive Iterative Learning Control─Explicit Model Predictive Control Two-Tier Framework for the Control of Batch Transesterification Process

“…These factors determine the cost of production of biodiesel . Transesterification reaction is carried out in a batch or continuous reactor, but the industrial practice is to mostly employ a batch reactor . This is because batch reactors are more flexible and can handle variations like changes in composition and quantity of raw materials to achieve the desired product composition and for the production of low-volume and high-quality chemicals. − …”

Transesterification of Triglycerides in a Rotor–Stator Spinning Disc Reactor: Scale-Up and Solid Handling

“…The production of FAMEs using a homogeneous base catalyst processed in a batch-stirred tank vessel is one common method of industrial implementation especially for small- and medium-sized producers. − In the literature, the reaction in such batch systems has been proposed to have three distinct reaction regimes: First, an initial mass transfer-controlled regime, followed by a kinetically controlled regime (pseudo-homogeneous regime), and finally, a slower regime as the reaction approaches equilibrium. , The mass transfer limitations in the initial stages are due to the presence of two immiscible phases: oil and methanol. As FAMEs are formed, they act as a co-solvent for the reactants and the reaction transitions to a pseudo-homogeneous type reaction. , Finally, due to the increasing product concentration and depleting reactant concentrations, the back reaction becomes more significant, resulting in an equilibrium conversion.…”

“…While batch processes offer some advantages such as lower capital costs and flexibility of operation, in recent years, there has been a drive to develop continuous processes for this system. Given the high demand for FAMEs, this transition to continuous processes is vital for the improvement of the productivity and scaling of this reaction .…”

“…15,33,34 Further developments in the use of heterogeneous catalysts for this system promises to lead to a more efficient process using less water and a simpler purification step, impacting both the overall costs as well as the environmental impact. 35 While batch processes offer some advantages such as lower capital costs and flexibility of operation, 14 in recent years, there has been a drive to develop continuous processes for this system. Given the high demand for FAMEs, this transition to continuous processes is vital for the improvement of the productivity and scaling of this reaction.…”