Paramecium bursaria Chlorella Virus 1 Encodes a Polyamine Acetyltransferase

Charlop–Powers, Zachary; Jakoncic, Jean; Gurnon, James R.; Etten, James L. Van; Zhou, Ming

doi:10.1074/jbc.c111.337816

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Presumably, polyamines play an important role in the chlorovirus life cycle as PBCV-1 is the first virus to encode five functional enzymes involved in polyamine biosynthesis and catabolism including: ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) [191,192], agmatine iminohydrolase [193], N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase [193], homospermidine synthase [194], and a polyamine acetyltransferase [195]. Not only is the PBCV-1-encoded ODC among the smallest known ODCs, the PBCV-1 enzyme is also interesting because it decarboxylates arginine more efficiently than ornithine [192].…”

Section: Chlorovirus Genes and Biotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroviruses

Etten

Agarkova

Dunigan

2019

Viruses

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Chloroviruses are large dsDNA, plaque-forming viruses that infect certain chlorella-like green algae; the algae are normally mutualistic endosymbionts of protists and metazoans and are often referred to as zoochlorellae. The viruses are ubiquitous in inland aqueous environments throughout the world and occasionally single types reach titers of thousands of plaque-forming units per ml of native water. The viruses are icosahedral in shape with a spike structure located at one of the vertices. They contain an internal membrane that is required for infectivity. The viral genomes are 290 to 370 kb in size, which encode up to 16 tRNAs and 330 to ~415 proteins, including many not previously seen in viruses. Examples include genes encoding DNA restriction and modification enzymes, hyaluronan and chitin biosynthetic enzymes, polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, ion channel and transport proteins, and enzymes involved in the glycan synthesis of the virus major capsid glycoproteins. The proteins encoded by many of these viruses are often the smallest or among the smallest proteins of their class. Consequently, some of the viral proteins are the subject of intensive biochemical and structural investigation.

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Section: Chlorovirus Genes and Biotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroviruses

Etten

Agarkova

Dunigan

2019

Viruses

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“…While many viruses may alter ODC activity and polyamine metabolism, there is at least one example of a virus encoding its own polyamine metabolism enzymes. Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus 1 (PBCV-1), a pathogen of green algae that carries upwards of 700 open reading frames, encodes a complete polyamine biosynthetic pathway (55)(56)(57)(58). The presence of these virus genes speaks to the importance of polyamines in PBCV-1 replication.…”

Section: Polyamines In the Replication Of Dna Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamines and Their Role in Virus Infection

Mounce

Olsen

Vignuzzi

et al. 2017

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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Polyamines are small, abundant, aliphatic molecules present in all mammalian cells. Within the context of the cell, they play a myriad of roles, from modulating nucleic acid conformation to promoting cellular proliferation and signaling. In addition, polyamines have emerged as important molecules in virus-host interactions. Many viruses have been shown to require polyamines for one or more aspects of their replication cycle, including DNA and RNA polymerization, nucleic acid packaging, and protein synthesis. Understanding the role of polyamines has become easier with the application of small-molecule inhibitors of polyamine synthesis and the use of interferon-induced regulators of polyamines. Here we review the diverse mechanisms in which viruses require polyamines and investigate blocking polyamine synthesis as a potential broad-spectrum antiviral approach.

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“…This virus evolved to encode entire metabolic pathways, including a polyamine biosynthetic pathway [29]. The ornithine decarboxylase [30] and polyamine acetyltransferase [31] have been cloned, and their biochemical activity verified, thus identifying these as the first virally-encoded polyamine genes. Additionally, PBCV-1 encodes a homospermidine synthase molecule, in addition to a spermidine synthase enzyme, that produces homospermidine from two putrescine molecules [32].…”

Section: Polyamines In Plant Viruses and The Response To Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Functions of Polyamines in Virus Infection

Firpo

Mounce

2020

Biomolecules

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As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses rely on host cells for the building blocks of progeny viruses. Metabolites such as amino acids, nucleotides, and lipids are central to viral proteins, genomes, and envelopes, and the availability of these molecules can restrict or promote infection. Polyamines, comprised of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in mammalian cells, are also critical for virus infection. Polyamines are small, positively charged molecules that function in transcription, translation, and cell cycling. Initial work on the function of polyamines in bacteriophage infection illuminated these molecules as critical to virus infection. In the decades since early virus-polyamine descriptions, work on diverse viruses continues to highlight a role for polyamines in viral processes, including genome packaging and viral enzymatic activity. On the host side, polyamines function in the response to virus infection. Thus, viruses and hosts compete for polyamines, which are a critical resource for both. Pharmacologically targeting polyamines, tipping the balance to favor the host and restrict virus replication, holds significant promise as a broad-spectrum antiviral strategy.

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Paramecium bursaria Chlorella Virus 1 Encodes a Polyamine Acetyltransferase

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Chloroviruses

Chloroviruses

Polyamines and Their Role in Virus Infection

Diverse Functions of Polyamines in Virus Infection

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