Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

Wojnarowicz, Jacek; Kuśnieruk, Sylwia; Chudoba, Tadeusz; Gierlotka, S.; Łojkowski, Witold; Knoff, W.; Łukasiewicz, Małgorzata; Witkowski, B.S.; Wolska, A.; Klepka, Marcin T.; Story, T.; Godlewski, M.

doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.200

Cited by 43 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Then, 6 mL of HNO 3 was added and the solution was subjected to one microwave heating cycle in the microwave reactor (Magnum II, Ertec, Poland). After cooling, the sample volume was replenished to 50 mL with deionized water [39]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

Kuśnieruk¹,

Wojnarowicz²,

Chodara³

et al. 2016

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles of tunable diameter were obtained by the precipitation method at room temperature and by microwave hydrothermal synthesis (MHS). The following parameters of the obtained nanostructured HAp were determined: pycnometric density, specific surface area, phase purity, lattice parameters, particle size, particle size distribution, water content, and structure. HAp nanoparticle morphology and structure were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed crystalline HAp was synthesized, which was pure in terms of phase. It was shown that by changing the synthesis parameters, the diameter of HAp nanoparticles could be controlled. The average diameter of the HAp nanoparticles was determined by Scherrer’s equation via the Nanopowder XRD Processor Demo web application, which interprets the results of specific surface area and TEM measurements using the dark-field technique. The obtained nanoparticles with average particle diameter ranging from 8–39 nm were characterized by having homogeneous morphology with a needle shape and a narrow particle size distribution. Strong similarities were found when comparing the properties of some types of nanostructured hydroxyapatite with natural occurring apatite found in animal bones and teeth.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

Kuśnieruk¹,

Wojnarowicz²,

Chodara³

et al. 2016

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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“…In solvothermal synthesis, it is possible to obtain many NPs (nanoparticles) doped by other elements and displaying different morphologies and different shapes. In Figure 8 it is easy to notice many type of shapes of ZnO obtained in solvothermal method [48,49], every shape Figure 8a-f, depends of changes protocol during the solvothermal synthesis.In IHPP PAS, ZnO doped with Mn, Co, Ni, Cr, or Ag was obtained [49][50][51][52][53][54]. Doped elements are visually easy to notice as is their quantity (Figure 9) [48,49], Using glycerol as the reaction medium, a metallic copper powder was produced from copper hydroxide (the phenomenon of melting copper particles into large balls, which led to ERTEC reactor failure, was observed).…”

Section: Inorganic Synthesis Of Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Figure 8 it is easy to notice many type of shapes of ZnO obtained in solvothermal method [48,49], every shape Figure 8a-f, depends of changes protocol during the solvothermal synthesis.In IHPP PAS, ZnO doped with Mn, Co, Ni, Cr, or Ag was obtained [49][50][51][52][53][54]. Doped elements are visually easy to notice as is their quantity (Figure 9) [48,49], Using glycerol as the reaction medium, a metallic copper powder was produced from copper hydroxide (the phenomenon of melting copper particles into large balls, which led to ERTEC reactor failure, was observed). Furthermore, this research proved that microwave solvothermal synthesis enables us to control the size of the ZnO NPs aggregates within the range from 60 nm to 120 nm, at the same time preserving the constant size of single ZnO NPs (≈27 nm) ( Figure 8) [555].…”

Section: Inorganic Synthesis Of Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Trends in the Development of Microwave Reactors for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials in Laboratories and Industries: A Review

et al. 2018

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Microwave energy has been in use for many applications for more than 50 years, from communication, food processing, and wood drying to chemical reactions and medical therapy. The areas, where microwave technology is applied, include drying, calcination, decomposition, powder synthesis, sintering, and chemical process control. Before the year 2000, microwaves were used to produce ceramics, semiconductors, polymers, and inorganic materials; in next years, some new attempts were made as well. Nowadays, it has been found that microwave sintering can also be applied to sintered powder and ceramics and is more effective than conventional sintering. Particularly interesting is its use for the synthesis of nanomaterials. This review identifies the main sources of microwave generation, the delivery mechanisms of microwave energy, and the typical designs and configurations of microwave devices, as well as the measurement and construction material problems related to microwave technology. We focus our attention on the configurations, materials, optimized geometries, and solvents used for microwave devices, providing examples of products, especially nanoparticles and other nanomaterials. The identified microwave devices are divided into four groups, depending on the scale, the maximum pressure developed, the highest temperature for sintering, or other special multi-functions. The challenges of using microwave energy for the synthesis of nanopowders have been identified as well. The desirable characteristics of microwave reactors in the synthesis of nanostructures, as well as their superiority over conventional synthetic methods, have been presented. We have also provided a review of the commercial and self-designed microwave reactors, digestors, and sintering furnaces for technology for synthesis of nanomaterials and other industries.

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“…We think that many other advances can be made in the field of aqueous DSSCs containing redox mediators based on cobalt complexes, also exploiting recently-proposed materials in the solar cell field, such as metal-organic frameworks [99,100], zinc oxide nanoparticles [101][102][103][104][105][106][107], electrochromic [108] and luminescent agents [109,110].…”

Section: Aqueous Electrolytes: An Emerging Approach To Stabilize Cobamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cobalt-Based Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Recent Advances towards Stable Devices

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Redox mediators based on cobalt complexes allowed dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) to achieve efficiencies exceeding 14%, thus challenging the emerging class of perovskite solar cells. Unfortunately, cobalt-based electrolytes demonstrate much lower long-term stability trends if compared to the traditional iodide/triiodide redox couple. In view of the large-scale commercialization of cobalt-based DSCs, the scientific community has recently proposed various approaches and materials to increase the stability of these devices, which comprise gelling agents, crosslinked polymeric matrices and mixtures of solvents (including water). This review summarizes the most significant advances recently focused towards this direction, also suggesting some intriguing way to fabricate third-generation cobalt-based photoelectrochemical devices stable over time.

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Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

Cited by 43 publications

References 80 publications

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

Current Trends in the Development of Microwave Reactors for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials in Laboratories and Industries: A Review

Cobalt-Based Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Recent Advances towards Stable Devices

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