Paramagnetic spin resonance in hydrogen-charged stainless austenitic steel

Shanina, B. D.; Gavriljuk, V.G.; Kolesnik, S. P.; Shivanyuk, V.

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/32/3/018

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This result is consistent with the experimental data obtained using conduction electron spin resonance [10][11][12][13]). According to data in Fig.…”

Section: Atomic Interactionssupporting

confidence: 92%

Carbon, Nitrogen and Hydrogen in Iron-Based Solid Solutions: Similarities and Differences in their Effect on Structure and Properties

Gavriljuk¹

2016

Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol.

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Оттиски доступны непосредственно от издателя Фотокопирование разрешено только в соответствии с лицензией 2016 ИМФ (Институт металлофизики им. Г. В. Курдюмова НАН Украины) Напечатано в Украине. 68 V. G. GAVRILJUK ticity. A unique similarity with hydrogen embrittlement becomes apparent in the course of impact loading of austenitic nitrogen steels, where, due to the absence of sufficient time for relaxation of stresses, the nitrogen-enhanced localized plasticity occurs resulting in a pseudo-brittle fracture. The different is only the mechanism for localization of plastic deformation: the shortrange atomic ordering caused by nitrogen and the increased concentration of superabundant vacancies due to hydrogen dissolution.

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“…This result is consistent with the experimental data obtained using conduction electron spin resonance [10][11][12][13]). According to data in Fig.…”

Section: Atomic Interactionssupporting

confidence: 92%

Carbon, Nitrogen and Hydrogen in Iron-Based Solid Solutions: Similarities and Differences in their Effect on Structure and Properties

Gavriljuk¹

2016

Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol.

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“…Mössbauer measurements of the hydrogen effect on the probability of the absorption of y-quanta in austenitic steels have shown that hydrogen increases the Debye temperature (Gavriljuk and Shivanyuk 1999), i.e. Mössbauer measurements of the hydrogen effect on the probability of the absorption of y-quanta in austenitic steels have shown that hydrogen increases the Debye temperature (Gavriljuk and Shivanyuk 1999), i.e.…”

Section: Hydrogen Embrittlementmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Nitrogen Steels

Gavriljuk¹,

Berns²

1999

Engineering Materials

387

110

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The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, ete. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.Typesetting: Camera-ready eopies from authors Cover-Design: MEDIO, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper SPIN 10730039 6213020 5 4 3 2 1 0 to BELA and ISOLDE PrefaceDuring the second half of this century the nitrogen concentration of steel moved in both directions: down in constructional grades by oxygen blowing to prevent brittle fracture upon age hardening at ambient temperature and up in stainless grades to improve strength, corrosion resistance and austenite stability. The gradual recognition of the beneficial effects of this element on the properties of high alloy steels led to a widespread development of high nitrogen steels (HNS) documented by numerous applications and the proceedings of five HNS conferences at LilIe (France) 1988, Aachen (Germany) 1990, Kiev (Ukraine) 1993, Kyoto (Japan) 1996 and HelsinkilStockholm (FinnlandISweden) 1998. The word "high" in HNS is not clearly defined but accounts e.g. for 0.1 mass% of nitrogen in creep resistant steels, 0.9 mass% in stainless grades or 2 mass% in tool steels. "High" best refers to "intentionally raised" by appropriate alloying or by pressure and powder metallurgy. For convenience steel grades are designated by their approximate content of alloying elements in mass% omitting unintentional minor additons of Si, Mn, C, P, S asf. As an example Cr22Ni5M03NO.2 stands for a stainless duplex grade.The present book starts by comparing the effects of nitrogen and carbon on the atomic structure and interaction within the crystallattice. Next the constitution of HNS is investigated leading to specific microstructural features. Based on this background the mechanisms behind the mechanical, chemical and tribological properties of HNS are derived. This concludes the fundamentals treated in chapters one to three. Chapter four comes down to shop practice of manufacturing HNS which, in respect to e.g. melting, hot working, and welding, may be quite different from respective carbon grades. In chapter five, different HNS for special applications are presented like e.g. hardenable steels for stainless bearings, high strength austenitic steels for non-magnetic retaining rings, superaustenitic stainless sheet for the chemical industry or solution nitrided impellers for pumps. Chapter six is an attempt to summarize key aspects of HNS.The book is meant for material scientist working in the field of high alloy steels and also for engineers engaged in materials technology, material selection and design. The work covers a wide scope from the atomic structure to the application of HNS and was written by a metal physicist and an engineer.

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“…One can see that the iodine increases the concentration of free electrons in the austenitic steels in consistency with the increase in the density of electron states at the Fermi level of the fcc iron, as presented in Figure 1. Using the same experimental technique, we have shown earlier that hydrogen also increases the concentration of free electrons in the austenitic steels [30,46]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…A piece of the MgO: Cr 3+ compound with the number of spins 1.1⋅10 16 served as a reference sample. The analysis of the experimental spectra has been carried out based on the theory of ESR for free electrons [44] and using a technique developed in our previous studies [45,46]. Measurements of the amplitude-dependent internal friction for studies of dislocation properties were carried out within the strain amplitude of 0.5⋅10 -6 to 5⋅10 -4 using an automated inverted pendulum operating at temperatures from 80 to 580 K and frequencies of about 1 Hz.…”

Section: Coefficient K = 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Nature of Similarity in Embrittlement of Metals by Hydrogen and Surfactants

et al. 2017

MSEIJ

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A mechanism for a similar effect of hydrogen and surface-active elements, surfactants, on the structure and properties of metals is discussed based on studies of austenitic steels and using the ab initio calculations and experimental measurements of the electron structure, mechanical spectroscopy and tension tests. The similarity is originated from the local enhancement of the metallic character of interatomic bonds. The obtained results are interpreted within the frame of the electron approach to the hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity phenomenon, HELP, in hydrogen embrittlement. The surfactants increase the density of electron states at the Fermi level and, correspondingly, the concentration of free electrons. As a response, a local decrease of the shear modulus resulted in the initiation of dislocation sources, decrease of the line tension of dislocations and distance between their assembles is expected, which facilitates the opening and propagation of cracks and mechanical degradation. The comparison with the adsorption-induced dislocation emission hypothesis, AIDE, for hydrogen and liquid metal embrittlements is carried out. Keywords: On the Nature of Similarity in Embrittlement of Metals by Hydrogen and Surfactants 2/10Copyright: ©2017 Gavriljuk et al.Important for clarification of the operative mechanism was the observation that, including LME, embrittlement by surfactants is accompanied by a local increase of plasticity [22][23][24]. In other words, the locally enhanced plastic deformation precedes the macrobrittle fracture. This unusual behavior was firstly interpreted as a local disintegration of solids resulted in colloidal disperse systems [4,5]. Later, such approach was supported by the ideas about liquid channels [14,15] and corresponding grain boundary phase transitions [25,26].However, such interpretation of preceded plastic deformation is seriously discredited by a remarkable similarity between LME and hydrogen embrittlement, HE, where local plastic flow always precedes the fracture. Systematic comparative studies of LME and HE were carried out by Lynch [27]. Based on these studies, he has proposed the adsorption-induced localized-slip process to be responsible for both the LME and HE phenomena [28] and, correspondingly, developed the hypothesis of adsorption-induced dislocation emission, AIDE [29]. Its main idea amounts to the adsorption of hydrogen and surfactant atoms at the internal crack tips, which facilitates the nucleation and emission of dislocations. Once nucleated, the dislocations can readily move away from the crack tip under applied stress.Along with AIDE hypothesis, hydrogen embrittlement of metals is described by hypotheses of hydrogen-enhanced decohesion, HEDE, hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity, HELP, and hydrogen-enhanced strain-induced vacancies, HESIV. Their critical analysis is presented, e.g., in the review articles [29,30]. The AIDE and HELP hypotheses seem to be the most acceptable for application to the both HE and LME processes.Probably first time, the ...

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Paramagnetic spin resonance in hydrogen-charged stainless austenitic steel

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Carbon, Nitrogen and Hydrogen in Iron-Based Solid Solutions: Similarities and Differences in their Effect on Structure and Properties

Carbon, Nitrogen and Hydrogen in Iron-Based Solid Solutions: Similarities and Differences in their Effect on Structure and Properties

High Nitrogen Steels

On the Nature of Similarity in Embrittlement of Metals by Hydrogen and Surfactants

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