Paramagnetic Beads and Magnetically Mediated Strain Enhance Cardiomyogenesis in Mouse Embryoid Bodies

Geuss, Laura R.; Wu, Douglas C.; Ramamoorthy, Divya; Alford, Corinne D.; Suggs, Laura J.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113982

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The torque experienced by cell(s) can induce changes in behavior, similar to those experienced during development. For example, embedding of paramagnetic beads into embryoid body (EB) cultures and long-term application of force can push embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into contractile fates such as cardiomyocytes or smooth muscle cells (Geuss et al, 2014). Recently, ESCs have been allowed to internalize the paramagnetic particles, and, upon long-term stimulation, this was shown to drive the formation of EBs and subsequent differentiation towards the mesodermal cardiac pathway (Du et al, 2017).…”

Section: Externally Applied Forces As Inputs That Regulate Cellular Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the extracellular forces that determine cell fate and maintenance

2017

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Stem cells interpret signals from their microenvironment while simultaneously modifying the niche through secreting factors and exerting mechanical forces. Many soluble stem cell cues have been determined over the past century, but in the past decade, our molecular understanding of mechanobiology has advanced to explain how passive and active forces induce similar signaling cascades that drive self-renewal, migration, differentiation or a combination of these outcomes. Improvements in stem cell culture methods, materials and biophysical tools that assess function have improved our understanding of these cascades. Here, we summarize these advances and offer perspective on ongoing challenges.

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Section: Externally Applied Forces As Inputs That Regulate Cellular Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the extracellular forces that determine cell fate and maintenance

2017

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“…While several studies have investigated the role of increased mechanical load in promoting cell proliferation and differentiation [ 7–9 ], few have investigated the effects of removing that load in μg. Some studies using “simulated microgravity” (SMG) have investigated its impact on embryonic stem cell (ESC) properties, including cell numbers, adhesion capabilities and apoptosis rates [ 10 ], and differentiation into periodontal ligament cells [ 11 ], and liver stem cells [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microgravity Reduces the Differentiation and Regenerative Potential of Embryonic Stem Cells

Blaber

Finkelstein

Dvorochkin

et al. 2015

Stem Cells and Development

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Mechanical unloading in microgravity is thought to induce tissue degeneration by various mechanisms, including inhibition of regenerative stem cell differentiation. To address this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of microgravity on early lineage commitment of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) using the embryoid body (EB) model of tissue differentiation. We found that exposure to microgravity for 15 days inhibits mESC differentiation and expression of terminal germ layer lineage markers in EBs. Additionally, microgravity-unloaded EBs retained stem cell self-renewal markers, suggesting that mechanical loading at Earth's gravity is required for normal differentiation of mESCs. Finally, cells recovered from microgravity-unloaded EBs and then cultured at Earth's gravity showed greater stemness, differentiating more readily into contractile cardiomyocyte colonies. These results indicate that mechanical unloading of stem cells in microgravity inhibits their differentiation and preserves stemness, possibly providing a cellular mechanistic basis for the inhibition of tissue regeneration in space and in disuse conditions on earth.

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“…4c) [181]. In this regard, a variety of biochemical [187,[189][190][191][192][193], mechanical (e.g., strain and shear force) [192,[194][195][196][197][198], physical (e.g., surface/ structural features) [190,[199][200][201][202][203], electrical [196,[204][205][206][207][208][209], optical [210][211][212], as well as thermal and magnetic [213,214] stimuli have been shown to influence the differentiation, alignment, and physiological behavior of cardiac cells/stem cells in vitro. For instance, Marsano et al engineered a microphysiological model to study the mechanical function of the myocardium.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Organ-on-a-chip Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic cardiovascular platforms for in vitro disease modeling and therapeutic validation

et al. 2019

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Bioengineered tissues have become increasingly more sophisticated owing to recent advancements in the fields of biomaterials, microfabrication, microfluidics, genetic engineering, and stem cell and developmental biology. In the coming years, the ability to engineer artificial constructs that accurately mimic the compositional, architectural, and functional properties of human tissues, will profoundly impact the therapeutic and diagnostic aspects of the healthcare industry. In this regard, bioengineered cardiac tissues are of particular importance due to the extremely limited ability of the myocardium to self-regenerate, as well as the remarkably high mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases worldwide. As novel microphysiological systems make the transition from bench to bedside, their implementation in high throughput drug screening, personalized diagnostics, disease modeling, and targeted therapy validation will bring forth a paradigm shift in the clinical management of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we will review the current state of the art in experimental in vitro platforms for next generation diagnostics and therapy validation. We will describe recent advancements in the development of smart biomaterials, biofabrication techniques, and stem cell engineering, aimed at recapitulating cardiovascular function at the tissue- and organ levels. In addition, integrative and multidisciplinary approaches to engineer biomimetic cardiovascular constructs with unprecedented human and clinical relevance will be discussed. We will comment on the implementation of these platforms in high throughput drug screening, in vitro disease modeling and therapy validation. Lastly, future perspectives will be provided on how these biomimetic platforms will aid in the transition towards patient centered diagnostics, and the development of personalized targeted therapeutics.

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Paramagnetic Beads and Magnetically Mediated Strain Enhance Cardiomyogenesis in Mouse Embryoid Bodies

Cited by 11 publications

References 43 publications

Understanding the extracellular forces that determine cell fate and maintenance

Understanding the extracellular forces that determine cell fate and maintenance

Microgravity Reduces the Differentiation and Regenerative Potential of Embryonic Stem Cells

Biomimetic cardiovascular platforms for in vitro disease modeling and therapeutic validation

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