Paralytic shellfish toxins in phytoplankton and shellfish samples collected from the Bohai Sea, China

Yang, Liuyan; Yu, Rencheng; Kong, Fan‐Zhou; Chen, Zhen-Fan; Dai, Lei; Gao, Yan; Zhang, Qing‐Chun; Wang, Yunfeng; Tian, Yun; Zhou, Mingjiang

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.023

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Alexandrium blooms have occurred frequently in the Chinese coastal waters (Yu et al, 2020), and cysts of Alexandrium were widely distributed in sediments of the China coasts (Tang et al, 2021). Meanwhile, PSP toxins have also been detected in phytoplankton and shellfish samples (Zou et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2017). Four cyst types of the PSP producers were detected in this study, i.e., Alexandrium andersonii, A. minutum, A. tamarense, and Gymnodinium catenatum, in which A. Andersonii was widely distributed with high concentrations, indicating a potential risk of Alexandrium blooms and PSP events in the Qingdao coast.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Dinoflagellate Cysts in Surface Sediments From the Qingdao Coast, the Yellow Sea, China: The Potential Risk of Harmful Algal Blooms

et al. 2022

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Surface sediments were collected from three sea areas of the Qingdao coast, the Yellow Sea, China, namely, the inner Jiaozhou Bay, the Laoshan coast, and the Amphioxus Reserve area in November to December 2017. Dinoflagellate cysts were observed in the sediments, focusing on the distribution of toxic and harmful species. Contents of biogenic elements were analyzed to reveal their relationships to cysts. A total of 32 cyst taxa were identified, including 23 autotrophic and 9 heterotrophic taxa. Cyst concentrations ranged from 83.3 to 346.5 cysts/g D Wt with an average of 210.7 cysts/g D Wt. Generally, cysts of autotrophic dinoflagellates dominated in sediments from the Qingdao coast with proportions of 41.05%–90.25%. There were no dominant group in cyst assemblages; cysts of Protoperidiniaceae, Suessiales, and Calciodinelloideae showed similar contributions. Cyst assemblages were quite different in the inner Jiaozhou Bay reflected by the lower species richness, diversity, and cyst concentration. Results from the redundancy analysis (RDA) demonstrated the influence of biogenic elements on cyst assemblages, which explained well why the three sea areas with different degrees of human activities showed different dinocyst storages. Notably, 17 harmful algal bloom (HAB) dinoflagellate cysts were identified in this study, including cysts of those producing toxins that may damage human health and marine animals. Some of these cysts occurred widely and dominantly in this study, such as cysts of Gonyaulax spinifera, Azadinium trinitatum, Scrippsiella acuminata, and Biecheleria halophila, suggesting the potential risk of HABs in the Qingdao coastal area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Dinoflagellate Cysts in Surface Sediments From the Qingdao Coast, the Yellow Sea, China: The Potential Risk of Harmful Algal Blooms

et al. 2022

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“…GST activity variation has been reported in scallops exposed to PSTs (Cao et al 2018) implying the possible contribution of GST gene regulation to detoxification and PST tolerance of scallop. In the present study, we performed genome-wide identification of GST genes in two scallops, Azumapecten farreri and Mizuhopecten yessoensis, which are both important aquaculture bivalves in China, and have been reported for PST contamination during farming (Chen et al 2013;Liu et al 2017). After examining the transcriptomic changes of these genes in the most toxic organs of scallops exposed to PSTproducing dinoflagellates, A. catenella and A. minutum, we revealed the variable regulation of scallop GSTs between organs, between scallop species, and between different toxic algae species.…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione S-transferase genes in scallops and their diverse expression patterns after exposure to PST-producing dinoflagellates

Lou

Cheng

Xun

et al. 2020

Mar Life Sci Technol

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The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of enzymes that function in cellular protection against toxic substances and oxidative stress. Bivalves could accumulate high concentration of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) from harmful algae. To understand the possible involvement of GSTs in protecting bivalves during PST accumulation and metabolism, the GST genes were systemically analyzed in two cultured scallops, Azumapecten farreri and Mizuhopecten yessoensis, which were reported for PST deposition during harmful algae bloom. A total of 35 and 37 GSTs were identified in A. farreri (AfGSTs) and M. yessoensis (MyGSTs) genome, respectively, and the expansion of the sigma class from the cytosolic subfamily was observed. In both scallop species, sigma class GSTs showed higher expression than other members. The high GSTs expression was detected mainly during/after larvae stages and in the two most toxic organs, hepatopancreas and kidney. After ingesting PST-producing dinoflagellates, all the regulated AfGSTs in the hepatopancreas were from the sigma class, but with opposite regulation pattern between Alexandrium catenella and A. minutum exposure. In scallop kidneys, where PSTs transformed into higher toxicity, more AfGSTs were regulated than in the hepatopancreas, and most of them were from the sigma class, with similar regulation pattern between A. catenella and A. minutum exposure. In M. yessoensis exposed to A. catenella, MyGST-σ2 was the only up-regulated MyGST in both hepatopancreas and kidney. Our results suggested the possible diverse function of scallop GSTs and the importance of sigma class in the defense against PSTs, which would contribute to the adaptive evolution of scallops in marine environments.

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“…Kondisi keracunan saksitoksin yang disebabkan karena konsumsi kekerangan disebut dengan Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP). Peristiwa PSP di produk kekerangan sering kali terjadi, misalnya di Pahang (Malaysia), Bohai (Cina), Jihnae-Masan Bay (Korea), dan juga di Pesisir Canada (Liu et al 2017;Mohammad-Noor et al 2018;Shin, Li, Kim, Park, & Lim, 2017). Di Indonesia, keracunan kerang yang telah menyebabkan korban jiwa sudah terjadi, misalnya di Cirebon (Nurlina, 2016).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Variasi Temporal Kadar Saksitoksin dalam Kekerangan dari Perairan Tanjung Balai, Sumatra Utara

Januar

Dwiyitno

Annisah

et al. 2019

JPBKP

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ABSTRAKKekerangan merupakan salah satu biota ekonomi penting di sektor perikanan. Namun, dengan sifatnya sebagai filter feeder, pencemaran lingkungan perairan dapat mempengaruhi keamanan pangannya, misalnya pencemaran senyawa saksitoksin, yang sering terakumulasi di biota kekerangan. Saksitoksin adalah senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh fitoplakton perairan, sehingga kadarnya dapat bervariasi secara temporal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi temporal secara musiman (muson timur, peralihan, dan barat) dari kadar saksitoksin pada tiga jenis biota kerang ekonomis (Anadara granosa, Anadara antiquata, dan Polymesoda erosa) yang diperoleh dari Perairan Tanjung Balai. Kekerangan diketahui sebagai produk unggulan di sentra perikanan Tanjung Balai. Variasi temporal kadar saksitoksin dihubungkan dengan kualitas air, untuk mengetahui korelasinya terhadap lingkungan tempat hidup kekerangan. Kualitas air dianalisis secara in situ menggunakan metode potensiometri dan kolorimetri, sementara kuantifikasi saksitoksin dilakukan menggunakan teknik spektrometri massa. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa kadar saksitoksin dari ketiga jenis kerang bervariasi antara 0,04 hingga 0,16 mg STXeq/kg berat basah kerang. Hal ini menunjukkan kekerangan di wilayah ini aman dari bahaya saksitoksin (ambang maksimum 0,8 mg STXeq/kg). Kadar bahan berbahaya ini tidak secara signifikan (P>0,05) dipengaruhi oleh ukuran dan jenis kerang. Namun, akumulasinya di musim muson barat secara signifikan (P<0,05) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan musim muson timur dan peralihan. Hal ini diduga terkait dengan musim penghujan di muson barat yang meningkatkan polusi nutrien akibat limpasan terestrial. Kondisi ini diduga memicu peningkatan pertumbuhan fitoplakton, termasuk jenis penghasil saksitoksin, sehingga memicu peningkatan akumulasinya di kekerangan.KATA KUNCI : kekerangan, saxitoksin, kualitas air, Perairan Tanjung Balai ABSTRACT Marine mussels are important economic resources in fisheries sector. However, due to their filter feeder characteristic, environmental water pollution may affect their safety as food. For example, saxitoxin is one of dangerous chemical substances that usually accumulate in marine mussels. This substance is produced by phytoplankton; thus, the temporal content of saxitoxin in mussel may vary. This research aimed to analyze the temporal variations (east, intermediate, and west monsoon seasons) of saxitoxin from three economical marine mussels (Anadara granosa, Anadara antiquata, dan Polymesoda erosa) that were taken from Tanjung Balai Waters, Indonesia. Mussels are known as the most important fisheries product from this region. Temporal variation of saxitoxin was correlated to water quality, to analyze the relationship between saxitoxin accumulation with marine mussel environment. Water quality was analyzed in situ by potentiometric and colorimetric, while saxitoxin concentration was quantified by mass spectroscopic method. Results of this study showed that saxitoxin was found at 0.04 to 0.16 mg/kg wet weight of the sample. ...

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Paralytic shellfish toxins in phytoplankton and shellfish samples collected from the Bohai Sea, China

Cited by 43 publications

References 40 publications

Distribution of Dinoflagellate Cysts in Surface Sediments From the Qingdao Coast, the Yellow Sea, China: The Potential Risk of Harmful Algal Blooms

Distribution of Dinoflagellate Cysts in Surface Sediments From the Qingdao Coast, the Yellow Sea, China: The Potential Risk of Harmful Algal Blooms

Glutathione S-transferase genes in scallops and their diverse expression patterns after exposure to PST-producing dinoflagellates

Variasi Temporal Kadar Saksitoksin dalam Kekerangan dari Perairan Tanjung Balai, Sumatra Utara

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