Paralytic shellfish poisoning in Southern China

First report of aphantoxins in China—waterblooms of toxigenic Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in Lake Dianchi

“…As a result, the nature and the extent of PSPs spread in China are not well known. It is clear, however, that marine PSPs outbreaks have occurred on several occasions in the past along the southeastern coasts of China (Anderson et al, 1996). The results presented here suggest that even in inland waters, PSPs may be more widespread in recent years than indicated from previous reports.…”

A modified HPLC method for analysis of PSP toxins in algae and shellfish from china

“…ATHK contains C1, C2, GTX1, GTX2, GTX3, GTX4, GTX5, GTX6, NEO, and STX, total concentration 19.7 fmol/cell, whereas ATCI03 contained C1, C2, GTX2, GTX3, GTX5, and GTX6, total concentration 3.2 fmol/cell ( Figures 3A, B). No GTX4 was detected in ATCI03 as described by Anderson [9], most probably because of the low sensitivity of this method to GTX1 and GTX4. But the detection of GTX2 and GTX6 indicates the high sensitivity for these toxins.…”

“…The different toxicity is not because of the culture conditions because the two strains were cultivated under strictly identical conditions. Anderson et al concluded that `4. tamarense found in China must be dense to cause significant effects because of the low toxicity (0.7-0.9 pg STX equiv./cell) of the ATCI strains they analyzed [9]. But the discovery of the relatively highly toxic strain of ,4. tamarense described in this paper revealed the complexity of the toxicity of .…”

“…Several incidents of intoxication reported from the same area after consumption of shellfish were suspected of being attributable to PSP toxins [8]. HPLC analysis of toxic algae and shellfish samples by Anderson revealed the presence of PSP toxins in shellfish samples from the Guangdong coastline, but the toxicity of three strains of A. tamarense is relatively low compared with that of species isolated elsewhere [9]. This paper presents results of analysis, by use of a modified method of analysis, of the PSP toxicity of two toxic strains of A. tamarense and some shellfish samples, in- …”

Characterizing the Interactions Among a Dinoflagellate, Flagellate and Bacteria in the Phycosphere of Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyta)

“…Algal-bacterial interactions are a typical model in microecosystem studies (Doucette et al, 1998;Amaro et al, 2005), in part because bacteria transform energy and regenerate inorganic nutrient in marine ecosystems (Azam et al, 1983;Su et al, 2011). Alexandrium tamarense is a model dinoflagellate alga that is globally distributed and known for producing harmful algal blooms (HABs) that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (Anderson et al, 1996). A. tamarense growth is inhibited by certain marine bacteria, including Brevibacterium (Bai et al, 2011), Thalassobius, Alteromonoas, Rhodobacteracea , Pseudoalteromonas (Su et al, 2007b;Wang et al, 2012), Vibrio and Halomonas .…”