Parallel Genome-Wide Expression Profiling of Host and Pathogen During Soybean Cyst Nematode Infection of Soybean

Abstract

Global analysis of gene expression changes in soybean (Glycine max) and Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode [SCN]) during the course of infection in a compatible interaction was performed using the Affymetrix GeneChip soybean genome array. Among 35,611 soybean transcripts monitored, we identified 429 genes that showed statistically significant differential expression between uninfected and nematode-infected root tissues. These included genes encoding enzymes involved in primary metabolism; biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, lignin, and flavonoids; genes related to stress and defense responses; cell wall modification; cellular signaling; and transcriptional regulation. Among 7,431 SCN transcripts monitored, 1,850 genes showed statistically significant differential expression across different stages of nematode parasitism and development. Differentially expressed SCN genes were grouped into nine different clusters based on their expression profiles during parasitism of soybean roots. The patterns of gene expression we observed in SCN suggest coordinated regulation of genes involved in parasitism. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed the results of our microarray analysis. The simultaneous genome-wide analysis of gene expression changes in the host and pathogen during a compatible interaction provides new insights into soybean responses to nematode infection and the first profile of transcript abundance changes occurring in the nematode as it infects and establishes a permanent feeding site within a host plant root.

Cellulose Binding Protein from the Parasitic Nematode Heterodera schachtii Interacts with Arabidopsis Pectin Methylesterase: Cooperative Cell Wall Modification during Parasitism

“…PME3, therefore, plays a crucial role in cyst nematode parasitism, which also gives additional credence to the conclusion that the interaction with PME3 is of importance for the function of CBP. In addition, the soybean ortholog of PME3 (BE821923) was shown to be upregulated within the actual developing syncytia induced by the soybean cyst nematode H. glycines (Ithal et al, 2007), which provides additional evidence of a role for PME3 in the cyst nematode infection process. Most importantly, a direct functional connection between PME3 and CBP is supported by our finding that transgenic plants expressing Hs CBP exhibited higher PME activity than wild-type controls.…”

The Jasmonate Pathway Is a Key Player in Systemically Induced Defense against Root Knot Nematodes in Rice

“…In this report, we demonstrate that defense signaling is suppressed in root galls caused by M. graminicola very early after infection of the rice root. Transcriptome studies already suggested that JA signaling and some genes involved in JA biosynthesis are suppressed during fully established compatible cyst nematode infections in soybean (Ithal et al, 2007a(Ithal et al, , 2007b. Data from RKN giant cells in Arabidopsis (Jammes et al, 2005;Barcala et al, 2010) revealed that many defense-related genes, previously shown to be induced in other plant-pathogen interactions, like PR proteins, coding enzymes of the phenylpropanoids, salicylate signaling, cytokinin signaling, genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, simple phenols, and shikimate biosynthetic pathways, follow an overall down-regulation in galls and in giant cells.…”

Gene expression analysis inMusa acuminataduring compatible interactions withMeloidogyne incognita

“…Most research to date on host gene expression in response to RKNs has focused on interactions in dicotyledonous host plants (e.g. Jammes et al, 2005;Alkharouf et al, 2006;Ithal et al, 2007a;Klink et al, 2007;Szakasits et al, 2009;Barcala et al, 2010;Bagnaresi et al, 2013;Guimaraes et al, 2015), with relatively few studies on monocotyledonous hosts (Kyndt et al, 2012a;Ji et al, 2013;Nguyên et al, 2014). Analysis of the transcriptome of compatible interactions between nematodes and monocotyledonous hosts has so far been limited to studies only on rice.…”