Parallel and Concurrent Infection of Dengue Virus and Plasmodium falciparum among Patients with Febrile Illnesses Attending Bingham University Health Centre, Karu, Nigeria

Suchi, Nanret Kyeswet; Mohammed, Haruna Isa; Ademola, A; Rinmecit, Pennap Grace

doi:10.9734/ijtdh/2020/v41i1230340

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A lower prevalence of current dengue infection was reported in the GS [ 52 ], while there was a previous report of a higher prevalence of current infection in the GS [ 10 ]. The differences in seroprevalence across regions are driven by varying climate and ecological factors that influence the distribution and activity of Aedes mosquitoes and human behaviour [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Whole genome sequencing unravels cryptic circulation of divergent dengue virus lineages in the rainforest region of Nigeria

Onoja,

Oguzie,

George

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Dengue is often misclassified and underreported in Africa due to inaccurate differential diagnoses of nonspecific febrile illnesses such as malaria, sparsity of diagnostic testing and poor clinical and genomic surveillance. There are limited reports on the seroprevalence and genetic diversity of dengue virus (DENV) in humans and vectors in Nigeria. In this study, we investigated the epidemiology and genetic diversity of dengue in the rainforest region of Nigeria. We screened 515 febrile patients who tested negative for malaria and typhoid fever in three hospitals in Oyo and Ekiti States in southern Nigeria with a combination of anti-dengue IgG/IgM/NS1 rapid test kits and metagenomic sequencing. We found that approximately 28% of screened patients had previous DENV exposure, with the highest prevalence in persons over sixty. Approximately 8% of the patients showed evidence of recent or current infection, and 2.7% had acute infection. Following sequencing of sixty samples, we assembled twenty DENV-1 genomes (3 complete and 17 partial). We found that all assembled genomes belonged to DENV-1 genotype III. Our phylogenetic analyses showed evidence of prolonged cryptic circulation of divergent DENV lineages in Oyo state. We were unable to resolve the source of DENV in Nigeria owing to limited sequencing data from the region. However, our sequences clustered closely with sequences in Tanzania and sequences reported in Chinese with travel history to Tanzania in 2019. This may reflect the wider unsampled bidirectional transmission of DENV-1 in Africa, which strongly emphasizes the importance of genomic surveillance in monitoring ongoing DENV transmission in Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Whole genome sequencing unravels cryptic circulation of divergent dengue virus lineages in the rainforest region of Nigeria

Onoja,

Oguzie,

George

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…In sub-Saharan Africa, arbovirus infections are often undiagnosed and unreported, with febrile illnesses often assumed to be malaria, typhoid or other bacterial infections (8,17). Due to a lack of diagnostics in some places, febrile illnesses and malarianegative fevers are often treated presumptively with antimalarials and antibiotics.…”

Section: (Which Was Not Certified By Peer Review)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for arboviral seropositivity in children in Teso South Sub County, Western Kenya

Inziani

Kilonzo

Kerubo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Arboviruses are responsible for epidemics and are emerging and re-emerging in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the risk factors for arboviral diseases are poorly described in Kenyan children. Knowledge of risk factors can facilitate earlier diagnosis and better treatment and implementation of effective prevention in children. This study determined risk factors for seropositivity to Yellow fever (YFV), Dengue (DENV), Chikungunya (CHIKV) and West Nile (WNV) viruses among children at two facilities in Teso Sub-County in Western Kenya. In a hospital-based cross-sectional survey, the risk factors for seropositivity to the arboviruses were assessed. Eligible children aged 1 to 12 (n = 656) who visited Alupe Sub County Hospital and KEMRI Alupe Clinic in Teso Sub County were recruited. Socio-demographic, environmental, behavioural and medical information was collected using a questionnaire. Blood drawn from these children was screened for antibodies to YFV, DENV, CHIKV and WNV using Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise seroprevalence, socio-demographic, clinical and environmental variables. Binomial logistic regression described the relationship between the risk factors and arbovirus seropositivity. Seropositivity to at least one arbovirus was found in 27.7%, with 15.7% being positive for DENV, 9.6% for WNV, 5.6% for CHIKV and 4.4% for YFV. The factors that significantly increased the risk to at least one of the arboviruses were: age 6-9 years (by 18%, p=0.006) compared to those 1-3 years, school attendance (by 66%, p=0.000) compared to none, the primary caregiver being “Other” (by 17%, p=0.026) and not the parent, the use of Olyset (by 7%, p=0.039), or an unknown mosquito net (by 26%, p=0.020) compared to Permanet. The risk of yellow fever seropositivity was increased where vegetation was close to the house (by 5%, p=0.042) compared to where vegetation was far. The risk was decreased by the use of an unknown bed net (by 4%, p=0.046) compared to Permanet and having a past history of rash (by 6%, p=0.018). For Dengue Fever, females were at an increased risk (by 8%, p=0.002) compared to males and having water bodies near the house (7%, p=0.030). The risk of chikungunya was increased by school attendance (by 25%, p=0.021) compared to not, the use of mosquito repellents (by 10%, p=0.006) compared to no interventions and having had a rash in the past (by 6%, p=0.043). The risk was decreased by roofing with iron sheets (by 3%, p=0.048) compared to grass-thatching. WNV seropositivity risk was higher in those aged 3-6 years (by 8%, p=0.004) and 6-9 years (by 15%, p=0.004) than in those aged 1-3 years. It was increased in those attending school (by 37%, p=0.006) compared to those not, and those using Olyset (by 11%, p=0.000) or an unknown bed net (by 30%, p=0.001) compared to Permanet. The risk was lower by between 25% and 33% (p<0.003) in those in pre-school, in lower and upper primary compared to those not in school. These factors are amenable to interventions that can be implemented to prevent and reduce arbovirus infections in children in endemic areas in Kenya.

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Dengue Virus is Hyperendemic in Nigeria from 2009 to 2020: A Contemporary Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Backround Data on Dengue virus (DENV) infection prevalence, geographic distribution and risk factors are necessary to direct appropriate utilization of existing and emerging control strategies. This study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence, risk factors of DENV infection and the circulating serotypes within Nigeria from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2020. Materials and methods Twenty-one studies out of 2,215 available articles were eligible and included for this systematic review. Relevant articles were searched, screened and included in this study according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. The risk of bias in primary studies was assessed by Cochrane's method. Heterogeneity of pooled prevalence was calculated using the chi-square test on Cochrane's Q statistic, which was quantified by I-square values. The random-effects analyses of proportions were used to determine the pooled prevalence of DENV antibodies, antigen and RNA from eligible studies. Results Of these, 3 studies reported co-circulation of all the 4 serotypes, while 2 separately reported co-circulation of DENV-1 &2 and DENV-1 to -3. All the antibody-based studies had significantly high heterogeneity (I 2 >90%, P <0.05), while the NS1 and PCR-based studies had low heterogeneity (I 2 <25%, P >0.05). The pooled prevalence of DENV IgM, IgG, RNA, NS1 and neutralizing antibodies were 16.8%, 34.7%, 7.7%, 7.7% and 0.7%, respectively. South-east Nigeria had the highest pooled DENV-IgG seropositivity, 77.1%. Marital status, gender, educational level and occupation status, the proximity of residence to refuse dumpsite, frequent use of trousers and long sleeve shirts were significantly associated with DENV IgG seropositivity ( P <0.05). Conclusion Based on these findings, it can be inferred that Nigeria is hyperendemic for Dengue fever and needs concerted efforts to control its spread within and outside the country.

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Parallel and Concurrent Infection of Dengue Virus and Plasmodium falciparum among Patients with Febrile Illnesses Attending Bingham University Health Centre, Karu, Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Whole genome sequencing unravels cryptic circulation of divergent dengue virus lineages in the rainforest region of Nigeria

Whole genome sequencing unravels cryptic circulation of divergent dengue virus lineages in the rainforest region of Nigeria

Risk factors for arboviral seropositivity in children in Teso South Sub County, Western Kenya

Dengue Virus is Hyperendemic in Nigeria from 2009 to 2020: A Contemporary Systematic Review

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