Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 Meningitis and Parotitis in an 11-Year-Old Child

Simultaneous Aseptic Meningitis and Acute Non-Mumps Associated Parotitis

“…Acute non-mumps associated parotitis caused by parainfluenza viruses or non-paramyxoviruses has a low incidence rate and therefore its clinical characteristics and complications including aseptic meningitis have rarely been reported. Of the non-mumps viruses mentioned earlier, parainfluenza virus (types 2 and 3) has been the only virus reported representing acute parotitis and aseptic meningitis simultaneously (4,6,10,15,16). While there are some similarities between the clinical characteristics of classic mumps and non-mumps associated parotitis, some significant differences exist.…”

“…The classic "Mumps" is known as a viral parotitis caused by mumps virus belonging to the genus Rubulavirus in the Paramyxoviridae family (1,2), but various viral pathogens have been identified as causes of acute viral infection of the salivary glands (1). These include viruses such as parainfluenza (types 1, 2 and 3) virus, Influenza, Coxsackie virus, ECHO (enteric cytopathic human orphan) virus and Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (3)(4)(5)(6). Moreover, cytomegalovirus and adenovirus have been reported as causative pathogens of acute parotitis in patients with AIDS.…”

The landscape of extrapulmonary manifestations of human parainfluenza viruses: A systematic narrative review

“…HPIV (type 3) parotitis may be an unusual manifestation of infection in children with or without a history of mumps 10 and adults who had mumps in earlier years (type 1) 11 . Jantausch et al 12 . demonstrated that HPIV‐2 also might cause aseptic meningitis and parotitis.…”

“…HPIV‐3 infection in normal children with meningitis has resulted in mild self‐limited disease 32 . Afterwards, many studies reported HPIV infection of CNS in patients with meningitis in all age groups who are either immunocompromised (type 3) (seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus,33 immunocompetent (type 2)12 (type 3)34 or suffering from medulloblastoma treating with systemic chemotherapy) 35 . HPIV‐3 has also been recovered from the CSF of patients with Guillain–Barre syndrome 36 and severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome with disseminated infection 37 .…”

“…HPIV (type 3) parotitis may be an unusual manifestation of infection in children with or without a history of mumps 10 and adults who had mumps in earlier years (type 1). 11 Jantausch et al 12 demonstrated that HPIV-2 also might cause aseptic meningitis and parotitis. HPIV parotitis has also been diagnosed in a patient with cystic fibrosis, 13 immunocompromised children (type 3; severe combined immunodeficiency and common, variable hypogammaglobulinemia), 14,15 immunocompetent child (type 2), 12 and after unrelated allogeneic stem cell transplantation (type 3).…”