Parahippocampal gyrus in first episode psychotic disorders: a structural magnetic resonance imaging study

Prasad, Konasale M.; Rohm, Brian R.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.01.017

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Our findings are consistent with prior findings of reduced hippocampal (Baare et al, 2001; Csernansky et al, 2002; Goldman et al, 2008; Seidman et al, 2002; Sim et al, 2006; Tepest et al, 2003) and PHG (Job et al, 2002; Joyal et al, 2002; Prasad et al, 2004; Turetsky et al, 2003) volumes in individuals with schizophrenia. However, not all studies have reported hippocampal (Colombo et al, 1993; Deicken et al, 1999; Niemann et al, 2000; Staal et al, 2000) or PHG (DeLisi et al, 1997; Krabbendam et al, 2000; Sanfilipo et al, 2002; Sim et al, 2006) volume reductions.…”

Section: 0 Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…For example, our definition of PHC included posterior PHC, whereas the PHC as delineated by Sim et al did not. Similarly, the definitions of PHG structural boundaries used by other groups also differed from ours (Prasad et al 2004; Turetsky et al, 2003). …”

Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Furthermore, the results of in vivo neuroimaging studies suggest that abnormalities in MTL structure and function are central to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (Freedman and Goldowitz, 2010; Tamminga et al, 2010). These abnormalities include hippocampal volume reductions and shape changes (Csernansky et al, 2002; Seidman et al, 2002; Sim et al, 2006) and cortical volume loss and thinning within the PHG (Job et al, 2002; Joyal et al, 2002; Prasad et al, 2004; Turetsky et al, 2003). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medial temporal lobe structure and cognition in individuals with schizophrenia and in their non-psychotic siblings

Karnik-Henry

Wang

Deanna

et al. 2012

Schizophrenia Research

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Medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures play a central role in episodic memory. Prior studies suggest that individuals with schizophrenia have deficits in episodic memory as well as structural abnormalities of the medial temporal lobe (MTL). While correlations have been reported between MTL volume loss and episodic memory deficits in such individuals, it is not clear whether such correlations reflect the influence of the disease state or of underlying genetic influences that might contribute to risk. We used high resolution magnetic resonance imaging and probabilistic algorithms for image analysis to determine whether MTL structure, episodic memory performance and the relationship between the two differed among groups of 47 healthy control subjects, 50 control siblings, 39 schizophrenia subjects, and 33 siblings of schizophrenia subjects. High-dimensional large deformation brain mapping was used to obtain volume measures of the hippocampus. Cortical distance mapping was used to obtain volume and thickness measures of the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) and its substructures: the entorhinal cortex (ERC), the perirhinal cortex (PRC), and the parahippocampal cortex (PHC). Neuropsychological data was used to establish an episodic memory domain score for each subject. Both schizophrenia subjects and their siblings displayed abnormalities in episodic memory performance. Siblings of individuals with schizophrenia, and to a lesser extent, individuals with schizophrenia themselves, displayed abnormalities in measures of MTL structure (volume loss or cortical thinning) as compared to control groups. Further, we observed correlations between structural measures and memory performance in both schizophrenia subjects and their siblings, but not in their respective control groups. These findings suggest that disease-specific genetic factors present in both patients and their relatives may be responsible for correlated abnormalities of MTL structure and memory impairment. The observed attenuated effect of such factors on MTL structure in individuals with schizophrenia may be due to non-genetic influences related to the development and progression of the disease on global brain structure and cognitive processing.

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Section: 0 Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medial temporal lobe structure and cognition in individuals with schizophrenia and in their non-psychotic siblings

Karnik-Henry

Wang

Deanna

et al. 2012

Schizophrenia Research

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“…Four diagnostic, observational studies, 45–48 based on follow‐ups of 24, 48, 18 and 6 months respectively, evaluated the accuracy and stability of diagnostic procedures in identifying first‐episode patients; the four investigations all found the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV to be a valid and reproducible diagnostic instrument for diagnosing schizophrenia. Moreover, brain morphological abnormalities, detected via magnetic resonance imaging and/or computerized axial tomography, have been observed in similarly affected patients; 49–78 first‐episode individuals have also been found to show various combinations of electroencephalographic‐ 79 and reflex 80 abnormalities, as well as deficits in cognitive functioning 81–86 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Italian guidelines for early intervention in schizophrenia: development and conclusions

Masi

Sampaolo

Mele

et al. 2008

Early Intervention Psych

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The Italian Guidelines on early intervention in schizophrenia are based on a comprehensive assessment of an updated, large-scale body of literature. They draw specific, evidence-based conclusions to assist clinicians and stakeholders in the planning and implementation of appropriate intervention programmes. Further research is needed to ascertain the effectiveness of early intervention in delaying or preventing the conversion to psychosis and improving prognosis in prodromal or at-risk patients. Further investigation is also required for first-episode and critical period patients.

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“…Some suggest that a dimensional approach to schizoaffective disorder that emphasizes the psychosis and mood symptoms phenotypes within this categorical diagnosis offers a more useful framework for the studies of underlying disease neurobiology (see Abrams et al, 2008, for review). In the field of imaging, individuals with schizoaffective disorder are routinely clustered with the schizophrenia samples (Cannon et al, 2002; Prasad et al, 2004; Buchanan et al, 2004). The few studies that have focused on schizoaffective disorder alone (all based on small samples) have found diminished cerebral volume (Getz et al, 2002), increased sulcal cerebro-spinal fluid volume (Cannon et al, 1998), reduced cortical GM with most deficits found in fronto-temporal regions (Cannon et al 1998), smaller hippocampal volumes (van Erp et al, 2004; Radonic et al, 2011) and larger volumes of striatum and globus pallidus (Getz et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain gray matter phenotypes across the psychosis dimension

Ivleva

Bidesi

Thomas

et al. 2012

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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This study sought to examine whole brain and regional gray matter (GM) phenotypes across the schizophrenia (SZ)–bipolar disorder psychosis dimension using voxel-based morphometry (VBM 8.0 with DARTEL segmentation/normalization) and semi-automated regional parcellation, FreeSurfer (FS 4.3.1/64 bit). 3T T1 MPRAGE images were acquired from 19 volunteers with schizophrenia (SZ), 16 with schizoaffective disorder (SAD), 17 with psychotic bipolar I disorder (BD-P) and 10 healthy controls (HC). Contrasted with HC, SZ showed extensive cortical GM reductions, most pronounced in fronto-temporal regions; SAD had GM reductions overlapping with SZ, albeit less extensive; and BD-P demonstrated no GM differences from HC. Within the psychosis dimension, BD-P showed larger volumes in fronto-temporal and other cortical/subcortical regions compared with SZ, whereas SAD showed intermediate GM volumes. The two volumetric methodologies, VBM and FS, revealed highly overlapping results for cortical GM, but partially divergent results for subcortical volumes (basal ganglia, amygdala). Overall, these findings suggest that individuals across the psychosis dimension show both overlapping and unique GM phenotypes: decreased GM, predominantly in fronto-temporal regions, is characteristic of SZ but not of psychotic BD-P, whereas SAD display GM deficits overlapping with SZ, albeit less extensive.

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Parahippocampal gyrus in first episode psychotic disorders: a structural magnetic resonance imaging study

Cited by 42 publications

References 45 publications

Medial temporal lobe structure and cognition in individuals with schizophrenia and in their non-psychotic siblings

Medial temporal lobe structure and cognition in individuals with schizophrenia and in their non-psychotic siblings

The Italian guidelines for early intervention in schizophrenia: development and conclusions

Brain gray matter phenotypes across the psychosis dimension

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