Paragonimus, Its Life History and Distribution in North America and Its Taxonomy (Trematoda: Troglotrematidae)*

Ameel, Donald J.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117995

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…5 Veterinarians and field parasitologists are familiar with P. kellicotti in mammals, but recent data on its prevalence in crayfish are scarce. The infection risk for humans depends on the prevalence of metacercariae in the crayfish host because this is the stage that is infectious for humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Characterization of the North American Lung Fluke Paragonimus kellicotti in Missouri and its Development in Mongolian Gerbils

Fischer¹,

Curtis²,

Marcos³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Human paragonimiasis is an emerging disease in Missouri. To characterize local parasites, we examined crayfish from three rivers. Metacercaeriae consistent with Paragonimus kellicotti were detected in 69%, 67%, and 37% of crayfish from the Big Piney, Huzzah, and Black Rivers, respectively. Sequencing of the second internal transcribed spacer and other DNA markers confirmed the species identification and the presence of identical parasite sequences in clinical specimens from two human cases. Mongolian gerbils were infected by intraperitoneal injection with 3–8 metacercariae. Most gerbils died 15–49 days post-infection. Necropsies showed pulmonary hemorrhage with necrosis, and flukes as long as 8 mm were recovered from intrathoracic tissues. Western blot analysis using P. kellicotti antigen showed a strong antibody response in gerbils 39 days post-infection. These results demonstrate that P. kellicotti is common in Missouri crayfish. The gerbil model may be useful for research on the pathogenesis, immunology, and treatment of paragonimiasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 Other reports described the definitive host range and various animal models. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Unfortunately, no recent reports are available on the infection rate of crayfish from areas in which human infections were acquired.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of the North American Lung Fluke Paragonimus kellicotti in Missouri and its Development in Mongolian Gerbils

Fischer¹,

Curtis²,

Marcos³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Therefore, the cysts for most species of Paragonimus usually contain a pair of adult flukes, but sometimes more than two worms are present. Two worms are usually present in the cysts produced by P. kellicotti (2,172). As with other species, however, more than two worms per cyst may be detected in severe infections where there is a large worm burden (2,171).…”

Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two worms are usually present in the cysts produced by P. kellicotti (2,172). As with other species, however, more than two worms per cyst may be detected in severe infections where there is a large worm burden (2,171). The cysts or cavities are thought by some to be produced by localized necrosis of bronchioles (98,99).…”

Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These measure up to 2 cm in diameter and are produced by the host response to the release of parasite products, including eggs (17,39). The cysts in infections caused by P. kellicotti measure 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter in animal models and are spherical/round to ovoid (2,54,99,172). The cyst lining consists of simple cuboidal nonciliated epithelial cells (43,83,92).…”

Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

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North American Paragonimiasis (Caused by Paragonimus kellicotti ) in the Context of Global Paragonimiasis

2009

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SUMMARY Paragonimus species are highly evolved parasites with a complex life cycle that involves at least three different hosts, i.e., snails, crustaceans, and mammals. The adult forms of Paragonimus species reside and mate in the lungs of a variety of permissive mammalian hosts, including humans. Although human paragonimiasis is uncommonly encountered in North America, both autochthonous and imported disease may be encountered. Paragonimus kellicotti, the species endemic to North America, is a well-known pathogen in wild and domestic animals. Five patients with North American paragonimiasis have been reported in the recent medical literature. The biologic, clinical, radiologic, and laboratory features of paragonimiasis are reviewed, with emphasis on North American paragonimiasis whenever possible.

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Food-borne trematode infections of humans in the United States of America

2010

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This review examines the literature on imported (allochthonous) and local (autochthonous) cases of food-borne trematode (FBT) infections in the United States of America (USA) from 1890 to 2009. Most of the literature is concerned with imported cases of the opisthorchiids Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini. These flukes cause serious pathology in the liver and biliary system of humans. Chronic cases may induce liver (hepatocarcinoma) and bile duct (cholangiocarcinoma) cancers in humans. Clonorchiasis and opithorchiasis are preventable diseases that can be avoided by eating properly cooked freshwater fish products. Several species of lung flukes in the genus Paragonimus are local or imported FBT in the USA. The endemic cycle occurs in the USA with various local snails and crustaceans serving as intermediate hosts. Paragonimids are acquired when humans eat raw or improperly cooked freshwater crustaceans containing metacercarial cysts. Infection can cause severe lung disease and the symptoms of paragonimiasis often mimic those of tuberculosis and other non-helminthic diseases. Paragonimiasis can be avoided by not eating raw or improperly cooked shellfish. The liver fluke Fasciola hepatica can be acquired by eating raw or uncooked vegetation. The cycle exists in the USA involving local snails and aquatic vegetation. Although some cases are local, most are imported by travelers or immigrants. Fascioliasis can cause serious liver and biliary diseases in humans and consumption of tainted vegetation should be avoided. Lesser known FBT have been reported in the USA including species of Alaria, echinostomids, heterophyids, troglotrematids, and a self-induced infection of Plagiorchis. Treatment of the FBT mentioned in this review consists of various regimens of praziquantel, except for F. hepatica where the drug of choice is triclabendazole.

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Paragonimus, Its Life History and Distribution in North America and Its Taxonomy (Trematoda: Troglotrematidae)*

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular Characterization of the North American Lung Fluke Paragonimus kellicotti in Missouri and its Development in Mongolian Gerbils

Molecular Characterization of the North American Lung Fluke Paragonimus kellicotti in Missouri and its Development in Mongolian Gerbils

North American Paragonimiasis (Caused by Paragonimus kellicotti ) in the Context of Global Paragonimiasis

Food-borne trematode infections of humans in the United States of America

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