Paragonimus and paragonimiasis

Yokogawa, Sadamu; Cort, William W.; Yokogawa, M.

doi:10.1016/0014-4894(60)90054-0

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This is in agreement with findings from other parts of the world (Toscano et al, 1995;Kong et al, 1998). Examination of faeces for eggs is the least sensitive method (Yokogawa, 1965). Our examination failed to detect eggs in any of the faecal samples, although the copro-DNA approach did detect DNA from eggs or other products of lungworms in four of five individuals with eggs in their sputum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…However, it is very difficult to detect eggs during the pre-patent period, in singleworm infections, or in cases of extra-pulmonary paragonimiasis (including cerebral paragonimiasis). Furthermore, eggs are not found in every sputum sample, even in typical pulmonary paragonimiasis (Yokogawa, 1965;Blair et al, 2007). Therefore, any epidemiological survey based only on egg detection will underestimate the true prevalence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paragonimiasis in Cameroon: molecular identification, serodiagnosis and clinical manifestations

Nkouawa

Okamoto

Mabou³

et al. 2009

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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SummaryParagonimiasis is a common parasitic zoonosis in Cameroon and neighboring countries in Western Africa. Serum, sputum and faecal samples were collected in an endemic area of South West Province, Cameroon, after administration of a questionnaire to identify individuals with appropriate symptoms and histories. Microscopic examination revealed eggs in sputum from 16 people, but none in any faecal sample. These 16 were among the 25 and 26 people respectively positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by immunoblot using Paragonimus africanus crude antigens. The detection of copro-DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was attempted using 23 faecal samples (18 from sputum egg-negative and 5 from sputum egg-positive individuals). The copro-DNA was detected in 4 of the 5 sputum eggpositive individuals. These results suggest that (1) serology is much more sensitive than sputum examination for diagnosis of paragonimiasis, and (2) a copro-DNA test may be more sensitive than a microscopic search for eggs in faeces. Molecular sequence data from ITS2 and cox1 genes confirmed that adult worms experimentally raised in cats were P. africanus and that eggs from sputum or other worm products from human faeces also belonged to this species. Based on these results, 26 of 168 persons (15.5%) were diagnosed as suffering from paragonimiasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paragonimiasis in Cameroon: molecular identification, serodiagnosis and clinical manifestations

Nkouawa

Okamoto

Mabou³

et al. 2009

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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“…Human infections occur when raw or incompletely cooked freshwater crabs or crayfish infected with metacercariae are ingested. 1 The juvenile worms excyst from the metacercariae and pass through the intestinal wall, peritoneal cavity, diaphragm, and pleural cavity to finally enter the lung parenchyma, where they mature to adult flukes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Chest Radiographic Findings of Pulmonary Paragonimiasis in Two Endemic Countries

Kanpittaya

Sawanyawisuth²,

Vannavong³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Human infestation by P.westermani occurs from ingestion of raw or incompletely cooked freshwater crabs or crayfish infected with the encysted larvae of the fluke. The ingested juvenile worms (metacercariae) of P.westermani penetrate the intestinal wall, the peritoneum and the diaphragm, finally invading the pleural cavity and the lung where they become mature adult worms [3,4].The complicated biology of P.westermani is the reason why paragonimiasis can occur throughout the human body [1]. Extrapulmonary paragonimiasis has been reported in several sites, including the brain, spinal cord, abdomen, appendix, inguinal region, subcutaneous tissue, eye, thigh and genitals [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Imaging features of intradural spinal paragonimiasis: a case report

Kim

Cho²,

Yoon³

et al. 2011

BJR

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ABSTRACT. Spinal paragonimiasis is a rare form of ectopic infestation caused by Paragonimus westermani. We report a case of pathologically proven intradural paragonimiasis associated with concurrent intracranial involvement. MRI revealed multiple well-defined intradural masses that were markedly hypointense on T 2 weighted images and hypointense with a peripheral hyperintense rim on T 1 weighted images. Contrast-enhanced T 1 weighted images showed slight peripheral rim enhancement. Paragonimiasis caused by Paragonimus westermani and related species occurs in Asia, Africa and South America, but most commonly in Korea, Japan and China [1,2]. Human infestation by P.westermani occurs from ingestion of raw or incompletely cooked freshwater crabs or crayfish infected with the encysted larvae of the fluke. The ingested juvenile worms (metacercariae) of P.westermani penetrate the intestinal wall, the peritoneum and the diaphragm, finally invading the pleural cavity and the lung where they become mature adult worms [3,4].The complicated biology of P.westermani is the reason why paragonimiasis can occur throughout the human body [1]. Extrapulmonary paragonimiasis has been reported in several sites, including the brain, spinal cord, abdomen, appendix, inguinal region, subcutaneous tissue, eye, thigh and genitals [5].The central nervous system (CNS) is known to be the most common site of extrapulmonary paragonimiasis. The rate of cerebral paragonimiasis is approximately 0.8% of all active paragonimiasis [1]. However, spinal paragonimiasis is very rare compared with the incidence of cerebral paragonimiasis (less than 10% of cerebral paragonimiasis) [6].To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previous report describing the imaging features of spinal paragonimiasis in the English language literature. In this case report, we described imaging features of a case of pathologically proven spinal paragonimiasis with emphasis on the MRI findings. Case reportA 44-year-old female presented with severe neurogenic claudication owing to spondylolisthesis at the level of L4-L5. Neurological examination revealed right side homonymous hemianopsia and monoparesis in the right arm. Laboratory data including peripheral blood examination and blood chemistry revealed normal ranges and stool examination for parasitic eggs was negative. The level of Paragonimus specific antibody (IgG) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was borderline negative (0.224; normal range, 0-0.28) on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).MRI of the lumber spine revealed multiple well-defined intradural masses. They appeared marked hypointense on T 2 weighted images (Figures 1a,b). T 1 weighted images showed masses to be hypointense relative to CSF with a peripheral hyperintense rim (Figure 1c). Post-contrast T 1 weighted images showed slight peripheral rim enhancement (Figure 1d). CT scan showed multiple calcified nodules in the lumbar intradural space (Figure 1e). MRI of the brain revealed multiple well-defined nodular or cystic masses in the left occipital and pari...

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Paragonimus and paragonimiasis

Cited by 30 publications

References 55 publications

Paragonimiasis in Cameroon: molecular identification, serodiagnosis and clinical manifestations

Paragonimiasis in Cameroon: molecular identification, serodiagnosis and clinical manifestations

Different Chest Radiographic Findings of Pulmonary Paragonimiasis in Two Endemic Countries

Imaging features of intradural spinal paragonimiasis: a case report

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