Paraglacial landform assemblages in the Hindukush and Karakoram Mountains

Iturrizaga, Lasafam

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.030

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The geomorphological evidence rather suggests that an enormous ice-avalanche originating from the tributary valley created the toma-landscape. Similar debris forms have been described from the Kolka ice avalanche (Haeberli et al, 2004) or the Huascaran ice avalanche (Plafker and Ericksen, 1975;Iturrizaga, 2008a). However, debris flows cannot be excluded completely as a triggering process.…”

Section: Ice Avalanches From the Kampir Dior Valley And Implications supporting

confidence: 58%

“…The sharp lateral demarcation of the hummocky debris landscape on the valley flanks in the Chapursan Valley resembles the erosion lines of the Huascaran ice avalanche in the Andes of South America in 1970, which was triggered by an earthquake (Patzelt, 1983;Iturrizaga, 2008a). Similar geomorphological features are shown by the deposits of the Kolka ice avalanche in the Caucasus in 2002 (Haeberli et al, 2004).…”

Section: Ice Avalanches From the Kampir Dior Valley And Implications mentioning

confidence: 77%

“…2 and 3). This glacier lake outburst is supposed to have had one of the most devastating effects on settlements in the Hunza area during historical times (Kreutzmann, 1994) and is therefore well known from different versions of orally transmitted legends (Morris, 1928;Felmy, 1986;Iturrizaga, 2008a). The sediment landforms discussed in this paper have been colonised subsequently with houses and agricultural fields to only a very limited extent in this section of the upper Chapursan Valley.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Hummocky debris landforms in the Chapursan Valley (Karakoram range, Pakistan): A glacio-geomorphological investigation

Iturrizaga

2012

Geomorphology

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Section: Ice Avalanches From the Kampir Dior Valley And Implications supporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Ice Avalanches From the Kampir Dior Valley And Implications mentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Hummocky debris landforms in the Chapursan Valley (Karakoram range, Pakistan): A glacio-geomorphological investigation

Iturrizaga

2012

Geomorphology

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“…In this slope the long‐term mass wasting of the moraine has cleared this area of fine‐grained sediments leaving an armouring lag of coarser sediments (Cossart, ). This is typical of a later stage of the para‐glacial period, since it is a question of time until these easily transportable unconsolidated sediments are mostly removed (Ballantyne, ; Iturrizaga, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Coupling patterns between para‐glacial and permafrost degradation responses in Antarctica

Oliva

Fernández

2015

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The recently deglaciated environments in maritime permafrost regions are usually affected by very active paraglacial processes. Elephant Point is an ice‐free area of 1.16 km2 located in the SW of Livingston island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). Between 1956–2010 the retreat of the ice cap covering most part of this island has exposed 17.3% of the land surface in this peninsula. Two geomorphological units were identified in this new ice‐free area: a moraine extending from the western to the eastern coastlines and a relatively flat proglacial surface. The glacier in 1956 sat in contact with the northern slope of the moraine, but its accelerated retreat ‐ in parallel to the warming trend recorded in the Antarctic Peninsula ‐ left these areas free of glacier ice. Subsequently, the postglacial evolution was controlled by the relaxation phase typical of paraglacial systems. The typology and intensity of geomorphological processes show a significantly different dynamics between the southern and northern slopes of the moraine. This pattern is related to the different stage of paraglacial adjustment in both slopes. In the southern side, on coarser sediments, pronival ramparts, debris flows and alluvial fans are distributed, with a low to moderate activity of slope processes. In the northern side, mass wasting processes are extremely active on fine‐grained unconsolidated sediments. Ice‐rich permafrost is being degraded by thermokarst processes. Landslides and mudflows transfer large amounts of sediments down‐slope. The surface affected by retrogressive‐thaw slumps in the moraine has been quantified in 24,172 m2, which accounts for 9.6% of its surface. The abundance of kettle‐lakes is also indicative of the degradation of the ground ice. Paraglacial processes are expected to continue in the moraine and proglacial area in the near future, although their intensity and duration will depend on the magnitude and rate of future climate trends in the northern Antarctic Peninsula. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…In several morphoclimatic contexts, debris fl ow was considered to be the dominant agent of paraglacial sediment reworking, e.g. Tien Shan (Savoskul, 1997), Hindukush and Karakoram Mountains (Iturrizaga, 2008), Canadian Rockies (Ryder, 1971a, b), Chilean Patagonia (Harrison and Winchester, 1997;Harrison et al, 2005), Mexico (Palacios et al, 1999), Scandinavian mountains (Ballanntyne andBenn, 1994, 1996), Italian, French and Swiss Alps (Chiarle et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraglacial gullying of sediment‐mantled slopes: a case study of Colletthøgda, Kongsfjorden area, West Spitsbergen (Svalbard)

Mercier

Étienne

Sellier

et al. 2009

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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International audienceThis paper evaluates the paraglacial evolution of a sediment-mantled slope in a polar maritime environment. The intensity of paraglacial processes is estimated through quantifi cation of erosion and dating of fi eld sectors with the help of photographic archives. Gully erosion has been estimated using morphometric parameters and by surveys of vegetation cover. The rapid melting of dead-ice cores controls gully formation. This leads to slope form modifi cation: gully profi le gradients are reduced from a mean of 35° to a mean ranging between 10° and 15°. Profi le evolution results from the collapse of glacier lateral moraine. All data (mean slope angle of individual gullies, frequency distribution of slope angles, fractional distance to the apex, gullying index, volume of debris mobilized, vertical erosion rate) tend to increase with increasing deglaciation age and the duration of paraglacial activity. Vegetation colonization is a response to stabilization of the ground surface and the drying up of the ground surface due to dead-ice melting. The full sequence of paraglacial slope adjustment (gully incision-stabilization) may occur rapidly at the study site, i.e. within two decades. Finally, a lateral morphogenic sequence is proposed showing the importance of paraglacial processes at the onset of the deglaciation

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Paraglacial landform assemblages in the Hindukush and Karakoram Mountains

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

Hummocky debris landforms in the Chapursan Valley (Karakoram range, Pakistan): A glacio-geomorphological investigation

Hummocky debris landforms in the Chapursan Valley (Karakoram range, Pakistan): A glacio-geomorphological investigation

Coupling patterns between para‐glacial and permafrost degradation responses in Antarctica

Paraglacial gullying of sediment‐mantled slopes: a case study of Colletthøgda, Kongsfjorden area, West Spitsbergen (Svalbard)

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