Paradoxical elevation of LDL apoprotein B levels in hypertriglyceridaemic patients and normal subjects ingesting fish oil

Sullivan, David; Sanders, Tom; Trayner, I.; Thompson, G. R.

doi:10.1016/0021-9150(86)90072-9

Cited by 173 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This finding is contrary to the reducing effect on small, dense LDL by marine n-3 FA reported in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (Baumstark et al, 1992;Minihane et al, 2000;Wilkinson et al, 2005). The presence or absence of hypertriglyceridemia could be an important factor for the effect of n-3 FA on small LDL as could the large intake of fish oil in our study, which resembles the one given to healthy subjects in which an increase in LDL apolipoprotein B was reported (Sullivan et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effects of marine n-3 fatty acid supplementation on lipoprotein subclasses measured by nuclear magnetic resonance in subjects with type II diabetes

et al. 2007

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Objective: To measure effects of fish oil supplements on lipoprotein subclasses by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in subjects with type II diabetes and relate them to insulin sensitivity. Design: Two-armed, parallel, placebo-controlled, randomized. Subjects: Normotriglyceridemic subjects with type II diabetes without insulin treatment were given either fish oil (n ¼ 12, median intake 5.9 g/day total n-3 fatty acids (FA) (1.8 g 20:5n-3, 3.0 g 22:6n-3)) or corn oil (n ¼ 14, 8.5 g/day 18:2n-6 FA). Methods: Size and concentration of lipoproteins subclasses were measured by NMR, insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic, isoglycemic clamps. Results: After 9 weeks, there were differences between those treated with fish and corn oil with respect to very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) size (median À15 vs þ 0.6%, P ¼ 0.001), particle concentrations of large VLDL (À99 vs À4.1%, P ¼ 0.041) and small high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (À12 vs þ 10%, P ¼ 0.051). Compared with corn oil fish oil tended to increase HDL size and small low-density lipoprotein ( LDL) concentration (P ¼ 0.063 and 0.068, respectively, for differences between groups). There was no effect on oxidized LDL. Insulin sensitivity (glucose utilization) decreased in the fish oil group compared with the corn oil group (P ¼ 0.049). The decrease in insulin sensitivity did not correlate with the effects on lipoprotein subclasses. Conclusions: A high intake of n-3 FA exerts effects on several lipoprotein subclasses without obvious influence from changes in insulin sensitivity.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effects of marine n-3 fatty acid supplementation on lipoprotein subclasses measured by nuclear magnetic resonance in subjects with type II diabetes

et al. 2007

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“…Because LDL is derived from VLDL catabolism, reductions in VLDL might be expected to lower LDL-C. However, in agreement with previous studies, 56,63 an increase (7%) in levels was observed in the group as a whole. In addition to suppressing VLDL production, n-3 PUFA is also known to influence VLDL composition, with a shift in the distribution of VLDL subclasses toward the smaller VLDL particles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In addition to suppressing VLDL production, n-3 PUFA is also known to influence VLDL composition, with a shift in the distribution of VLDL subclasses toward the smaller VLDL particles. 57,63 Because smaller VLDL particles represent the primary precursor of LDL, this qualitative change in VLDL may result in a greater rate of conversion to LDL. 64 The adverse effect of fish oils on LDL-C was strongest in E4 carriers, in whom a 16% increase was observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ApoE Polymorphism and Fish Oil Supplementation in Subjects With an Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype

Minihane

Khan

Leigh-Firbank

et al. 2000

ATVB

206

177

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Abstract-The study assessed the efficacy of fish oil supplementation in counteracting the classic dyslipidemia of the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype (ALP). In addition, the impact of the common apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphism on the fasting and postprandial lipid profile and on responsiveness to the dietary intervention was established. Fifty-five ALP males (aged 34 to 69 years, body mass index 22 to 35 kg/m 2 , triglyceride [TG] levels 1.5 to 4.0 mmol/L, high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] Ͻ1.1 mmol/l, and percent low density lipoprotein [LDL]-3 Ͼ40% total LDL) completed a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial of fish oil (3.0 g eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid per day) and placebo (olive oil) capsules with the 6-week treatment arms separated by a 12-week washout period. In addition to fasting blood samples, at the end of each intervention arm, a postprandial assessment of lipid metabolism was carried out. Fish oil supplementation resulted in a reduction in fasting TG level of 35% (PϽ0.001), in postprandial TG response of 26% (TG area under the curve, PϽ0.001), and in percent LDL-3 of 26% (PϽ0.05). However, no change in HDL-C levels was evident (Pϭ0.752). ANCOVA showed that baseline HDL-C levels were significantly lower in apoE4 carriers (Pϭ0.035). The apoE genotype also had a striking impact on lipid responses to fish oil intervention. Individuals with an apoE2 allele displayed a marked reduction in postprandial incremental TG response (TG incremental area under the curve, Pϭ0.023) and a trend toward an increase in lipoprotein lipase activity relative to non-E2 carriers. In apoE4 individuals, a significant increase in total cholesterol and a trend toward a reduction in HDL-C relative to the common homozygous E3/E3 profile was evident. Our data demonstrate the efficacy of fish oil fatty acids in counteracting the proatherogenic lipid profile of the ALP but also that the apoE genotype influences responsiveness to this dietary treatment.

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“…13 ' 14 In a previous study from this laboratory, FaUor et al 14 demonstrated increases in plasma LDL apo B levels in three of four men with FCHL consuming a similar salmon oil-rich diet when compared with a butter-based diet. 9 Similar elevations in LDL apo B concentrations were noted by Sullivan et al 13 in 23 hypertriglyceridemic subjects treated with 15 g/day of a fish oil concentrate (Max-EPA) for at least 4 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of n-3 and n-6 fatty acid-enriched diets on plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Friday

Failor

Childs

et al. 1991

Arterioscler Thromb

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids in vegetable (n-6) and marine (n-3) oils have been shown to reduce cholesterol levels in normolipidemic individuals. However, there is relatively little information available on the lipoprotein responses to dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in individuals with genetic forms of hyperlipidemia at risk for premature cardiovascular disease. We studied five subjects with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), as well as five normal controls, on three rigidly controlled diets differing primarily in their fatty acid composition. FH subjects reduced their total plasma cholesterol by 34% during the n-3 diet and by 26% with the n-6 diet (both p<0.001) when compared with values while on a butter diet In addition, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol fell 31% and 29% (both/><0.001), and apolipoprotein B (apo B) levels dropped 28% and 27% (both p<0.01) during the n-3 and n-6 diets, respectively. A significant reduction of total and LDL cholesterol as well as of apo B was also noted in normal controls during n-3 and n-6 diets. Total plasma triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol fell significantly during n-3 diets in normal and FH subjects. Thus, FH and normal subjects respond in a similar fashion to diets low in saturated fatty acids and rich in n-3 and n-6, with decreased LDL cholesterol and apo B concentrations. (Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 1991;ll:47-54)

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Paradoxical elevation of LDL apoprotein B levels in hypertriglyceridaemic patients and normal subjects ingesting fish oil

Cited by 173 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of marine n-3 fatty acid supplementation on lipoprotein subclasses measured by nuclear magnetic resonance in subjects with type II diabetes

Effects of marine n-3 fatty acid supplementation on lipoprotein subclasses measured by nuclear magnetic resonance in subjects with type II diabetes

ApoE Polymorphism and Fish Oil Supplementation in Subjects With an Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype

Effects of n-3 and n-6 fatty acid-enriched diets on plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

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