Paradigm Muddle or Paradigm Paralysis? The Wide and Narrow Roads to Restorative Justice Reform (or, a Little Confusion May Be a Good Thing)

Restorative Justice at Work: Examining the Impact of Restorative Justice Resolutions on Juvenile Recidivism

“…Although these four types of programs represent the most commonly used restorative justice programs for juveniles, modifications to programs have been encouraged to ensure that restorative justice meets the unique needs of communities (Bazemore & Schiff, 2004;Bazemore & Umbreit, 2001). 1 The community plays an important role in restorative justice.…”

Truth‐seeking after violent conflict: experiences from South Africa and Bosnia and Herzegovina

“…One of the most widely used definitions of restorative justice continues to be the outcome-based definition proposed by Bazemore and Walgrave (1999) which defines it as every action that is aimed at repairing the harm done by the offense. This definition provoked debate in the restorative justice community since it downplayed the importance of process-based features such as inclusion, active participation, and encounter (McCold, 2004;Bazemore and Schiff, 2004). As Walgrave (2008, p. 621) explains, this debate has 'faded by the increasing awareness that restorativeness is not just a clear-cut feature.'…”

Restorative justice practice: An examination of program completion and recidivism

“…Although scholars have noted the difficulty in defining restorative justice (Bazemore & Schiff, 2004;Bonta, Wallace-Capretta, Rooney, & McAnoy, 2002;Braithwaite, 1989;Harris, 2004;Hayes & Daly, 2004;Karp, 2004;McCold, 2004;Presser & Van Voorhis, 2002;Strang, 2004;Zehr, 2002), some argue that sociopolitical and historical context significantly influenced the development of the theoretical constructs of restorative justice practice (Avertsen, Daems, & Robert, 2006). Literature defines restorative justice with general principles including: (1) crime is a violation, (2) violation creates obligation, and (3) reparation fulfills obligation (Bazemore, 1999;Braithwaite, 1989;Clear & Karp, 1999;Daly, 2002;Johnstone, 2002;Zehr, 2002).…”

“…These programs seek to hold offenders accountable and reduce re-offending by relying on informal community involvement and varying forms of supervision (Bazemore, 1992(Bazemore, , 2005Bazemore & Schiff, 2004;Hayes, 2004;Hayes & Daly, 2004;Karp, 2001;Kurki, 1999;McGarrell, 2001;Morris, 2002). The impact of restorative justice efforts in reducing crime has prompted the pursuit of reintegrative programming for youthful offenders (Bazemore, 1999(Bazemore, , 2005Hayes, 2005;Karp, 2001;Kurki, 1999;Morris, 2002;Rodriguez, 2005).…”