Paracyphononyx scapulatus (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae), a koinobiont ectoparasitoid of Trochosa sp. (Araneae, Lycosidae)

Souza, Hebert da Silva; Messas, Yuri Fanchini; Masago, Fabiana; Santos, Eduardo dos; Vasconcellos‐Neto, João

doi:10.3897/jhr.46.5833

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Among other wasps, some hunting wasps (e.g., Bethylidae, Pompilidae, Crabronidae, and Vespidae) paralyze their hosts and carry them to underground storage and commence oviposition (Crompton, 1955;Punzo & Garman, 1989); this behaviour has resemblances to that described in the present study because the behaviour is expected to enhance the fitness of the offspring in both the cases (e.g., as opposed to hoarding). A function of underground storage in hunting wasps is believed to be the protection from natural enemies (Souza et al, 2015). In tephritid hosts, some surface-dwelling species (especially ants) are described as important predators (Hodgson et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digging and burying of hosts by a pupal parasitoid

Chung

Okuyama

2021

Ecological Entomology

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1. This study describes the host-handling behaviour of the parasitoid Dirhinus giffardii (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Dirhinus giffardii sometimes excavates underground hosts, parasitises them, and buries them in the soil. Considering that the parasitoid can parasitise underground hosts without excavating them, we hypothesised that the parasitoid excavates hosts to evaluate the host quality. We also hypothesised that the parasitoid buries them to reduce the risk of superparasitism because superparasitism is common in D. giffardii.2. Pupae of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) were buried in or placed on peat moss as an experimental treatment, and the behavioural responses of the parasitoid towards the hosts were examined. Small and large hosts, and empty puparia were simultaneously presented to a parasitoid.3. The probability of excavation was greater for larger hosts than for smaller hosts or empty puparia. However, while it appeared that parasitoids could evaluate the size of the hosts, they did not preferentially parasitise large hosts in the soil. In addition, unusable empty hosts were readily excavated. Parasitism risk was higher for hosts located on a peat moss surface than for the buried hosts, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the hiding hosts reduces the risk of superparasitism. Alternative hypotheses for the mixed results have been discussed in the paper.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digging and burying of hosts by a pupal parasitoid

Chung

Okuyama

2021

Ecological Entomology

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“…This period is shorter than the developmental periods of wasps of other Pompilidae species. Paracyphononyx scapulatus, for example, develops in 54 days (Souza et al 2015), P. rufricus in 30 days (El-Hennawy 1996), and Notocyphus tyrannicus Smith in 46 days (Martins et al 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This author classified the behaviour of E. insularis as VPO (Venari = to hunt; Pungere = to sting the prey; Ovum parere = to lay the egg) or VO (Venari= to hunt; Ovum parere= to lay the egg), and discussed that such ethological sequences represent primitive conditions within Aculeata, but derived conditions within Pompilidae. Species of other genera, such as Notocyphus Smith, 1855, Paracyphononyx Gribodo, 1884 and Homonotus Dahlbom, 1843 present the same ethological sequence (Evans 1953, Souza et al 2015.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These species are known as "spider wasps", since adult females usually uses spiders as food resource for their larva (Brothers andFinnamore 1993, Wasbauer 1995). Pompilids presents a wide diversity of behavioural strategies to parasitize their hosts, with species nesting in the ground, in pre-existing cavities, mud nests they have built, or using as hosts active spiders that are posteriorly killed by the wasp's larvae (El-Hennawy 1996, Souza et al 2015. Most species are solitary, but some show primitive levels of sociality (Shimizu 2004, Shimizu et al 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First record of Epipompilus excelsus (Bradley, 1944) (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) as a koinobiont ectoparasitoid of Ariadna mollis (Holmberg, 1876) (Araneae, Segestriidae)

Villanueva-Bonilla¹,

Brescovit²,

Santos³

et al. 2018

JHR

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EpipompilusKohl comprises 52 species of wasps that are parasitoids of spiders; 16 species occur in the Neotropical region and 36 species occur in the Australian region. The biological knowledge of this genus is limited and its interactions and host spiders are still incipient. Here, we report some behavioural and biological characteristics ofE.excelsus, a parasitoid of the tube-dwelling spiderAriadnamollis. We observed anE.excelsusfemale attacking an adult female ofA.mollisin São Paulo, Brazil. We photographed daily the larval development of the wasp, from the egg stage to adult emergence. The entire developmental cycle of the wasp took 24 days. This period was shorter than the developmental periods of wasps belonging to other genera of Pompilidae. Although all species within Pompilidae use spiders as host, they present great behavioural diversity, characterized by different ethological sequences. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the Neotropical species ofEpipompilusexhibit biological characteristics similar to the Australian species, acting as a koinobiont ectoparasitoid, but displays differences in larval morphology. Studies on other species could elucidate the extent of these differences and similarities, contributing to our understanding of the evolutionary history ofEpipompilus, and consequently of Pompilidae.

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“…Then, ichneumonids must select hosts that are large enough to nourish their larvae, but small enough to represent controllable victims. An additional reason to expect the avoidance of large hosts is that spiders continue to feed after being attacked and, consequently, they can acquire resources beyond those already present in their bodies at the moment of oviposition (e.g., Benamú et al, 2020; Korenko et al, 2011; Souza et al, 2015). Thus, medium‐sized hosts may complement the availability of resources stored in their bodies with feeding activities during larval development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host size selection and progeny sex determination in Hymenoepimecis bicolor (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae)

et al. 2023

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Some hymenopteran parasitoids induce intricate behavioral alterations in their spider hosts. Despite these refined adaptations, the success of their attacks and larval development relies on careful host selection. Large hosts will certainly assure the biomass required for the parasitoid larva to pupate, but the selection of large hosts is constrained by the risks involved in the process of host subduing and immobilization.Temporal oscillations in the availability of hosts within the optimal size range may compose another important component of selection. To investigate these issues, we tested the hypothesis that Hymenoepimecis bicolor consistently attacks, and has the reproduction period synchronized with medium-sized individuals of its host, the spider Trichonephila clavipes. We observed that (i) medium-small hosts are preferential victims, (ii) the period of oviposition of H. bicolor is synchronized with the availability of host individuals within these size classes, and (iii) these preferences can be strong enough to remain stable, regarding the temporal variation in the availability of the most suitable hosts. We also reported that (iv) parasitoid females destinate unfertilized eggs to small hosts, which produce male larvae. Data on these aspects allowed us to discuss why there is a preference for specific host sizes. The factors involved include the larval demands, the relative size between the adult wasps and spiders, and the capacity of the hosts to acquire food during larval development.

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Paracyphononyx scapulatus (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae), a koinobiont ectoparasitoid of Trochosa sp. (Araneae, Lycosidae)

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Digging and burying of hosts by a pupal parasitoid

Digging and burying of hosts by a pupal parasitoid

First record of Epipompilus excelsus (Bradley, 1944) (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) as a koinobiont ectoparasitoid of Ariadna mollis (Holmberg, 1876) (Araneae, Segestriidae)

Host size selection and progeny sex determination in Hymenoepimecis bicolor (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae)

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