Paracrine Interactions of Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid Stimulation Hormone in the Female Reproductive Tract have an Impact on Female Fertility

Evers, Anneli Stavreus

doi:10.3389/fendo.2012.00050

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…The results were in good agreement with the findings of previous studies [ 5 , 13 ]. The binding of thyroid hormones to the thyroid hormone receptors mediates the biological activities of T3 via transcriptional regulation through transcription factors present in the female reproductive tract [ 50 ]. The relative levels of immunostaining intensity in each treated group were different from those of the control group, which may be because of the changes in thyroid hormones in different thyroid states.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of thyroid hormones on the antioxidative status in the uterus of young adult rats

Kong

Fedail

Wei

et al. 2015

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Thyroid hormones and oxidative stress play significant roles in the normal functioning of the female reproductive system. Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical synthesized by nitric oxide synthases (NOS), participates in the regulation of thyroid function and is also a good biomarker for assessment of the oxidative stress status. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate effects of thyroid hormones on uterine antioxidative status in young adult rats. Thirty immature female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, hypothyroid (hypo-T) and hyperthyroid (hyper-T). The results showed the body weights decreased significantly in both the hypo-T and hyper-T groups and that uterine weights were decreased significantly in the hypo-T group. The serum concentrations of total triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), as well as estradiol (E2), were significantly decreased in the hypo-T group, but increased in the hyper-T group. The progesterone (P4) concentrations in the hypo- and hyperthyroid rats markedly decreased. Immunohistochemistry results provided evidence that thyroid hormone nuclear receptor α/β (TRα/β) and three NOS isoforms were located in different cell types of rat uteri. The NO content and total NOS and inducible NOS (iNOS) activities were markedly diminished in the hypo-T group but increased in the hyper-T group. Moreover, the activities of both glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) exhibited significant decreases and increases in the hypo-T and hyper-T groups, respectively. The malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in both the hypo-T and hyper-T groups showed a significant increase. Total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in the hypo- and hyper-T rats markedly decreased. In conclusion, these results indicated that thyroid hormones have an important influence on the modulation of uterine antioxidative status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of thyroid hormones on the antioxidative status in the uterus of young adult rats

Kong

Fedail

Wei

et al. 2015

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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“…There is an important occurrence of infertility and anovulation in hypothyroid patients [10, 11], which may involve metabolic alterations and inflammation [12, 13]. However, scarce studies have approached the influence of thyroid dysfunction in the ovarian failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothyroidism Reduces the Size of Ovarian Follicles and Promotes Hypertrophy of Periovarian Fat with Infiltration of Macrophages in Adult Rabbits

Rodríguez-Castelán

Méndez-Tepepa

Carrillo-Portillo

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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Ovarian failure is related to dyslipidemias and inflammation, as well as to hypertrophy and dysfunction of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Although hypothyroidism has been associated with obesity, dyslipidemias, and inflammation in humans and animals, its influence on the characteristics of ovarian follicles in adulthood is scarcely known. Control and hypothyroid rabbits were used to analyze the ovarian follicles, expression of aromatase in the ovary, serum concentration of lipids, leptin, and uric acid, size of adipocytes, and infiltration of macrophages in the periovarian VAT. Hypothyroidism did not affect the percentage of functional or atretic follicles. However, it reduced the size of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles considered as large and the expression of aromatase in the ovary. This effect was associated with high serum concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In addition, hypothyroidism induced hypertrophy of adipocytes and a major infiltration of CD68+ macrophages into the periovarian VAT. Our results suggest that the reduced size of ovarian follicles promoted by hypothyroidism could be associated with dyslipidemias, hypertrophy, and inflammation of the periovarian VAT. Present findings may be useful to understand the influence of hypothyroidism in the ovary function in adulthood.

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“…Previously, it was reported that G protein-coupled TSHR is widely expressed in the fetomaternal unit (Aghajanova et al, 2011;Stavreus-Evers, 2012), which indicated that this receptor, and probably TSH have important role in embryo implantation. Previously, it was reported that G protein-coupled TSHR is widely expressed in the fetomaternal unit (Aghajanova et al, 2011;Stavreus-Evers, 2012), which indicated that this receptor, and probably TSH have important role in embryo implantation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, this study has also revealed that TSHR expression of in the uterus was increased at the day of implantation, under the influence of TH. Previously, it was reported that G protein-coupled TSHR is widely expressed in the fetomaternal unit (Aghajanova et al, 2011;Stavreus-Evers, 2012), which indicated that this receptor, and probably TSH have important role in embryo implantation. The increased in TSHR expression under the influence of TH might indicate enhanced effect of TSH in the endometrium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of proteins related to thyroid hormone function in the uterus is down‐regulated at the day of implantation in hypothyroid pregnant rats

Salleh

Sayem

Giribabu

et al. 2019

Cell Biology International

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Hypothyroidism has been linked to infertility, but the mechanisms underlying infertility-related hypothyroidism have yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, in this study, effects of hypothyroidism on expression of the proteins related to thyroid hormone function in the uterus, which were thought to play a role implantation, including thyroid hormone receptor (TR), thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and extracellular kinase (ERK) were identified. Pregnant female rats were rendered hypothyroid by giving methimazole (MMI), orally. Following hypothyroid induction, rats were grouped into control (non-treated) and received subcutaneous thyroxine at 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days. At Day 6, which is the day of implantation (GD 6), rats were sacrificed and the number of embryo implantation site in the uterus was calculated. Then, uterine horns were harvested and expression of the above proteins and their mRNAs were identified by Western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. In non-treated hypothyroid pregnant rats, the number of embryo implantation sites decreased as compared to euthyroid and hypothyroid rats receiving thyroxine treatment. Similarly, expression of TRa-1, TRb-1, TSHR, ERK1/2 and RAR proteins and mRNA in the uterus of non-treated hypothyroid rats also decreased (P < 0.05 when compared to euthyroid and thyroxine-treated hypothyroid rats). In conclusion, downregulated expression of the thyroid hormone related proteins in the uterus at the day of implantation might result in infertility as reported in hypothyroid condition.

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Paracrine Interactions of Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid Stimulation Hormone in the Female Reproductive Tract have an Impact on Female Fertility

Cited by 29 publications

References 128 publications

Effects of thyroid hormones on the antioxidative status in the uterus of young adult rats

Effects of thyroid hormones on the antioxidative status in the uterus of young adult rats

Hypothyroidism Reduces the Size of Ovarian Follicles and Promotes Hypertrophy of Periovarian Fat with Infiltration of Macrophages in Adult Rabbits

Expression of proteins related to thyroid hormone function in the uterus is down‐regulated at the day of implantation in hypothyroid pregnant rats

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