Paracoccidioidomycosis: an update.

Brummer, Elmer; Castañeda, Elizabeth; Restrepo, Ángela

doi:10.1128/cmr.6.2.89-117.1993

Cited by 134 publications

(328 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(188 reference statements)

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“…Contrary to a majority of cases of paracoccidioidomycosis cited in the literature, 2 where pulmonary lesions were detected, an extralarynx focus was not found in this report.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…1 The etiologic agent is a dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, which grows as a yeast form in cultures at 37°C, and in host tissues, at lower temperatures the fungus grows as a mold. 2 It is generally accepted that the habitat of P. brasiliensis is exogenous to humans, but the precise ecological niche remains undiscovered. 3 The fungus has been isolated from soils twice, 4,5 but many similar attempts have failed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paracoccidioidomycosis and larynx carcinoma

Argañaraz

Luque

Tosello

et al. 2003

Mycoses

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Report of a case of paracoccidioidomycosis associated with a carcinoma: both located in the larynx in a patient whose therapeutic response to antifungal treatment produced a recovery of physical conditions. This case shows the importance of taking into account the diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis in all patients with problems in the larynx, especially those who inhabit or inhabited endemic areas of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.

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“…Contrary to a majority of cases of paracoccidioidomycosis cited in the literature, 2 where pulmonary lesions were detected, an extralarynx focus was not found in this report.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracoccidioidomycosis and larynx carcinoma

Argañaraz

Luque

Tosello

et al. 2003

Mycoses

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“…The pathogenicity of the fungus is intimately linked to this morphological transition, since strains that are unable to transform into the yeast form are avirulent (San-Blas and Niño-Veja, 2001). Infection can give rise to either an asymptomatic condition or to active disease, and initially causes pulmonary lesions in the lungs but can subsequently disseminate to other organs and tissues (Brummer et al, 1993). Regardless of the organ involved, paracoccidioidomycosis usually heals by fibrosis, with the formation of fibrotic sequelae, which can permanently interfere with the well-being of the patient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pfr1 gene from the human pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis encodes a half‐ABC transporter that is transcribed in response to treatment with fluconazole

Gray¹,

Borges-Walmsley²,

Evans³

et al. 2003

Yeast

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We have isolated a gene that encodes a half-ABC-transporter, designated Pfr1, from the dimorphic human pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, which has high identity with members of the ABC-superfamily involved in multidrug resistance. The pfr1 gene is predicted to encode a 827 amino acid protein that, in common with mammalian Mdr1, has a TM-NBD topology. The transcription of the pfr1 gene is induced by the triazole drug fluconazole but not by amphotericin B, suggesting a role in transport-mediated azole resistance. However, Pfr1 has greatest identity to the mitochondrial ABC transporters Mdl1 and Mdl2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian ABC-me, with identities of 47.2%, 40.6% and 39.5%, respectively, over the length of these proteins. Furthermore, the N-terminus of Pfr1 is rich in positively charged residues, a feature of mitochondrial targeting sequences. Considering these features, it seems likely that Pfr1 is a mitochondrial protein.Previous studies have revealed that the acquisition of azole resistance in S. cerevisiae is linked to mitochondrial loss and, conversely, that mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to the upregulation of PDR transporters mediated by the transcription factor Pdr3. Our studies suggest that a mitochondrial ABC transporter is induced as part of the cellular response to drug treatment. The promoter region of pfr1 contains a PDRE-like consensus sequence to which Pdr3 binds, which may be the element responsible for the upregulation of Pfr1 in response to fluconazole. The nucleotide binding domain of Pfr1 was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli and shown to retain ATPase activity, consistent with Pfr1 functioning as a homodimeric transport ATPase.

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“…The PCM literature shows that few patients are subjected to bone marrow biopsy either during life or at necropsy. 2,6,23,28,38,39 Of the 22 reported cases of bone marrow involvement detected during life, 13 were diagnosed by direct examination of aspirated smears with only the addition of 10% KCl solution and without any stain or biopsy section preparations. Thus, it can be assumed that the frequency of paracoccidioidal bone marrow involvement has been underestimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 It is endemic from Mexico to Argentina, where it is the most prevalent systemic mycosis. 2,3 It is accepted that the infection occurs by fungal inhalation, with the formation of a primary complex in the lungs and hilar lymph nodes. 4 There are three possible outcomes for these lesions from the primary complex: regression with fungal destruction and sterile scar formation; regression with persistence of viable fungi and latent foci formation; and progression with the development of disease signs and symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infiltrative myelopathy by paracoccidioidomycosis. A review and report of nine cases with emphasis on bone marrow morphology

Resende

Mendes

Bacchi³

et al. 2006

Histopathology

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The biopsy specimens were the best for demonstrating bone marrow involvement by PCM. The lesions varied from compact and focal granulomas with few fungal cells to numerous disseminated fungal cells within a loose granulomatous inflammatory reaction, with a continuum between these extremes suggesting a spectrum of immune response to the fungi. Other findings such as bone marrow fibrosis, parenchymal coagulative necrosis and bone necrosis were also observed in the affected areas.

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Paracoccidioidomycosis: an update.

Cited by 134 publications

References 122 publications

Paracoccidioidomycosis and larynx carcinoma

Paracoccidioidomycosis and larynx carcinoma

The pfr1 gene from the human pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis encodes a half‐ABC transporter that is transcribed in response to treatment with fluconazole

Infiltrative myelopathy by paracoccidioidomycosis. A review and report of nine cases with emphasis on bone marrow morphology

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