Paracentral retinal holes occurring after macular surgery: incidence, clinical features, and evolution

Abstract

In summary, paracentral MHs are uncommon complications which can occur at the site where ILM peeling has been initiated or completed. Except for the closest holes to fovea, they have good visual prognosis and do not require any treatment underlining the importance of initiating the ILM peeling as far as possible from the fovea.

Eccentric Macular Hole after Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Idiopathic Macular Hole: A Case Report

“…The most plausible mechanism could be the iatrogenic trauma, which may occur during surgery when grasping the ILM with forceps [1]. ILM peeling may induce surgical trauma of the underlying nerve fiber layer and Müller cells, causing secondary delayed degeneration of the adjacent retinal neurons [1, 3, 9]. Ultrastructural studies have shown remnants of Müller cell processes attached to the removed ILM with signs of necrosis [3].…”

“…ILM peeling may induce surgical trauma of the underlying nerve fiber layer and Müller cells, causing secondary delayed degeneration of the adjacent retinal neurons [1, 3, 9]. Ultrastructural studies have shown remnants of Müller cell processes attached to the removed ILM with signs of necrosis [3]. However, in the majority of published cases there was no retinal whitening or retinal hemorrhages consistent with postoperative trauma [1, 3, 10].…”

“…Rubinstein et al [1] were the first to mention iatrogenic eccentric MHs, and since then only few cases have been reported [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. In fact, the incidence of eccentric MHs ranges between 0.6–2.5% [1, 3, 10].…”

“…Rubinstein et al [1] were the first to mention iatrogenic eccentric MHs, and since then only few cases have been reported [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. In fact, the incidence of eccentric MHs ranges between 0.6–2.5% [1, 3, 10]. Postoperative MHs are located centrally, paracentrally, or eccentrically and are usually single, although multiple MHs have been also observed [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10].…”

“…In fact, the incidence of eccentric MHs ranges between 0.6–2.5% [1, 3, 10]. Postoperative MHs are located centrally, paracentrally, or eccentrically and are usually single, although multiple MHs have been also observed [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. Herein, we present a case of eccentric MH formation after PPV with ILM peeling for MH.…”