Paracentral acute middle maculopathy associated with hypoperfusion of the cilioretinal artery and impending central retinal vein occlusion

Abstract

Background: Paracentral acute middle maculopathy is defined as ischemia of the deep retinal layers. We report an unusual case of paracentral acute middle maculopathy associated with hypoperfusion of the cilioretinal artery and impending central retinal vein occlusion in a young male with no previous comorbidities. Case Report: The patient was a 22-year-old male complaining about a sudden loss of vision in his right eye upon awakening. Fundus examination showed optic disk edema, and increased tortuosity of the retinal veins and a few retinal hemorrhages. Swept-source optical coherence tomography found a hyperreflective band that was more pronounced at the level of the inner nuclear layer of the retina. These findings led us to a diagnosis of paracentral acute middle maculopathy associated with hypoperfusion of the cilioretinal artery. Conclusion: The finding of paracentral acute middle maculopathy on optical coherence tomography demands a proper investigation of its cause, because it has an intimate association with vascular diseases and is not an isolated entity. In our case, we could not identify the etiology of the unilateral event in this young male, although dehydration due to alcohol consumption and subsequent hypotension might have played a role in this ischemic event.

Clinical Characteristics of Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy in Eyes with Retinal Vascular Occlusion Diseases in Chinese Patients

“…PAMM is associated with RVO [13][14][15][16] and RAO [17,18], including cilioretinal arterial occlusion [19,20]. In the first and largest study of PAMM involving eyes with nonischemic central RVO (CRVO), approximately 5.17% (25/484) of the American patients with nonischemic CRVO showed PAMM on SD-OCT [13].…”