Parabolic Wave Equation Method Applied to the Tropospheric Ducting Propagation Problem: A Survey

Sirkova, I.; Mikhalev, M. A.

doi:10.1080/02726340500486484

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Nevertheless, propagation calculations and measurements have shown this neutral profile is a good practical approximation to the average behavior of the M (z) [30] and (16) has been widely used as input to propagation modeling under evaporation duct conditions [7,8,14,17,30]. Further discussion on the profile (16) may be found in [9].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SSF allows larger step sizes and shorter computational time in comparison to Finite Difference [14] and Finite Element [17] based numerical solutions of (11), [14]. The last makes SSF adequate to solve long-range tropospheric radiowave propagation problems.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is no rigorous solution to this problem suitable for practical usage. The parabolic equation (PE) approximate technique, proven to be computationally fast and accurate in handling wave propagation in complex environments, is often used with the effects of roughness incorporated through an approximate rough surface reflection coefficient [13][14][15][16][17]. In the propagation over the ocean studies, the surface roughness effects are accounted for by defining an "effective" reflection coefficient, R eff , representing the Fresnel reflection coefficient from flat surface multiplied by a Roughness Reduction Factor (RRF) [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Propagation Factor and Path Loss Simulation Results for Two Rough Surface Reflection Coefficients Applied to the Microwave Ducting Propagation Over the Sea

Sirkova

2011

PIER M

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Abstract-The performance assessment of maritime microwave communications and radar systems requires accounting simultaneously for the non-homogeneous propagation medium over the sea and the rough sea surface scattering. The tropospheric ducting, specific for over water propagation, is one of the most difficult to treat propagation mechanisms. The proposed work combines a recently published in the literature phase correction, responsible for the shadowing effects, to the Ament rough surface reflection coefficient and the Parabolic Equation method (as implemented in the Advanced Propagation Model) to simulate the microwave propagation over the sea under evaporation duct conditions. Propagation factor and path loss results calculated for phase-corrected Ament, non-phase-corrected Ament and the other widely used, Miller-Brown, rough surface reflection coefficient are compared and discussed. The main effects from the accounting of the shadowing result in the shift of the interference minima and maxima of the propagation factor, changes in the path loss pattern and destruction of the trapping property of the duct.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Backgroundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Propagation Factor and Path Loss Simulation Results for Two Rough Surface Reflection Coefficients Applied to the Microwave Ducting Propagation Over the Sea

Sirkova

2011

PIER M

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“…The PE uses meteorological parameters as input, allows application of complex boundary conditions and inclusion of different antenna patterns. Due to these characteristics and the demonstrated operability, the PE has become a preferred method for solving microwave propagation prediction/assessment problems requiring simultaneous accounting for terrain irregularities and clear air propagation mechanisms such as tropospheric ducting [16,27,29,31,32,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. The goal of this work is to summarize the PE method theory and its application to tropospheric radio propagation modeling in coastal and maritime environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three main numerical techniques to solve (1) have become popular: the SSF-based algorithms [34,[44][45][46][47][48]58], finite difference (FD) based algorithms [19,33,59,60] and algorithms using the finite element (FE) method [41][42][43][61][62][63][64][65]. The choice of the PE solution method depends strongly on the specific propagation scenario.…”

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confidence: 99%

Brief review on PE method application to propagation channel modeling in sea environment

Sirkova

2011

Open Engineering

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This work provides an introduction to one of the most widely used advanced methods for wave propagation modeling, the Parabolic Equation (PE) method, with emphasis on its application to tropospheric radio propagation in coastal and maritime regions. The assumptions of the derivation, the advantages and drawbacks of the PE, the numerical methods for solving it, and the boundary and initial conditions for its application to the tropospheric propagation problem are briefly discussed. More details are given for the split-step Fourier-transform (SSF) solution of the PE. The environmental input to the PE, the methods for tropospheric refractivity profiling, their accuracy, limitations, and the average refractivity modeling are also summarized. The reported results illustrate the application of finite element (FE) based and SSF-based solutions of the PE for one of the most difficult to treat propagation mechanisms, yet of great significance for the performance of radars and communications links working in coastal and maritime zones -the tropospheric ducting mechanism. Recent achievements, some unresolved issues and ongoing developments related to further improvements of the PE method application to the propagation channel modeling in sea environment are highlighted.

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Parabolic Equation Method

Sevgi

2014

Electromagnetic Modeling and Simulation

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Parabolic Wave Equation Method Applied to the Tropospheric Ducting Propagation Problem: A Survey

Cited by 21 publications

References 52 publications

Propagation Factor and Path Loss Simulation Results for Two Rough Surface Reflection Coefficients Applied to the Microwave Ducting Propagation Over the Sea

Propagation Factor and Path Loss Simulation Results for Two Rough Surface Reflection Coefficients Applied to the Microwave Ducting Propagation Over the Sea

Brief review on PE method application to propagation channel modeling in sea environment

Parabolic Equation Method

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