Parabolic equation modelling of the effects of multipath and ducting on radar systems

Craig, K.H.; Levy, M.F.

doi:10.1049/ip-f-2.1991.0021

Cited by 71 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The first one (most commonly used with the SSF solution of the PE) consists in the insertion of an artificial absorbing layer adjacent to the concerned boundary. Within this layer, the discretized field is "filtered" applying a suitable attenuation function [42,45,58] or the reflection is removed by adding a small imaginary part to the refractive index near the extended computational window boundary [37]. A variation of the absorbing layer approach, also often used with the SSF PE solution, is the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) technique, firstly proposed for electromagnetic waves application in Berenger [81].…”

Section: Ssf Solution To the Pementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As it has been mentioned, the sophisticated ray methods (GTD, UTD (Uniform Theory of Diffraction)) and normalmodes methods (or hybrid combinations of them), which overcome the difficulties experienced by the simple ray theory in complex propagation environments (caustics, shadow zones, ducted propagation), are not easy to include in routine calculations. The great flexibility demonstrated by the PE has turned its simplest form (1) into the preferred technique for solving tropospheric propagation problems in a number of thoroughly validated and practically applied radiowave propagation assessment tools as: VTRPE (Variable Terrain Radio Parabolic Equation, solution of (1) based on SSF) [94], PCPEM (PC Parabolic Equation Model, SSF based) [37], TPEM (Terrain Parabolic Equation Model, uses SSF) [45], TER-PEM (TERrain Parabolic Equation Model, successor of PCPEM, combines PE and ray-trace techniques) [95], TEMPER (Tropospheric Electromagnetic Parabolic Equation Routine, based on DMFT) [69], [72], APM (Advanced Propagation Model, hybrid model that uses ray optics and DMFT-based PE) [73], PREDEM (PREdiction of ElectroMagnetic Detection) [96], AREPS (Advanced Refractive Effects Prediction System) [97]. Some of the limitations of this widely spread modeling of the 3D environment with 2D PE are discussed below.…”

Section: Validation Of the Pe And Limitations Of 2d Pementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PE uses meteorological parameters as input, allows application of complex boundary conditions and inclusion of different antenna patterns. Due to these characteristics and the demonstrated operability, the PE has become a preferred method for solving microwave propagation prediction/assessment problems requiring simultaneous accounting for terrain irregularities and clear air propagation mechanisms such as tropospheric ducting [16,27,29,31,32,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. The goal of this work is to summarize the PE method theory and its application to tropospheric radio propagation modeling in coastal and maritime environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Brief review on PE method application to propagation channel modeling in sea environment

Sirkova

2011

Open Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work provides an introduction to one of the most widely used advanced methods for wave propagation modeling, the Parabolic Equation (PE) method, with emphasis on its application to tropospheric radio propagation in coastal and maritime regions. The assumptions of the derivation, the advantages and drawbacks of the PE, the numerical methods for solving it, and the boundary and initial conditions for its application to the tropospheric propagation problem are briefly discussed. More details are given for the split-step Fourier-transform (SSF) solution of the PE. The environmental input to the PE, the methods for tropospheric refractivity profiling, their accuracy, limitations, and the average refractivity modeling are also summarized. The reported results illustrate the application of finite element (FE) based and SSF-based solutions of the PE for one of the most difficult to treat propagation mechanisms, yet of great significance for the performance of radars and communications links working in coastal and maritime zones -the tropospheric ducting mechanism. Recent achievements, some unresolved issues and ongoing developments related to further improvements of the PE method application to the propagation channel modeling in sea environment are highlighted.

show abstract

Section: Ssf Solution To the Pementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Validation Of the Pe And Limitations Of 2d Pementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Brief review on PE method application to propagation channel modeling in sea environment

Sirkova

2011

Open Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More specifically, Barrios [12,13] treated horizontally inhomogeneous environments and a terrain model respectively. Craig and Levy [14] applied the Split…”

Section: Parabolic Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parabolic Equation Solution of Tropospheric Wave Propagation Using Fem

Isaakidis¹,

Xenos²

2004

PIER

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-In this work, the parabolic equation applied on radiowave and microwave tropospheric propagation, properly manipulated, and resulting in a one-dimensional form, is solved using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The necessary vertical tropospheric profile characteristics are assigned to each mesh element, while the solution advances in small and constant range segments, each excited by the solution of the previous step. This is leading to a marching algorithm, similar to the widely used SplitStep formulation. The surface boundary conditions including the wave polarization and surface conductivity properties are directly applied to the FEM system of equations. Since the FEM system returns the total solution, a technique for the separation of the transmitted and reflected waves is also presented. This method is based on the application of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) in the space domain, which allows for the separation of the existing wave components. Finally, abnormal tropospheric condition propagation is being employed to assess the method, while the results are compared to those obtained using the Advance Refractive Prediction System (AREPS v.3.03) software package.

show abstract

“…7. A PC-based version of the parabolic equation model (PEM) (PCPEM), PCPEM is used for the assessment of the effects of the atmosphere on the propagation performance of radar and communications systems at frequencies from VHF to millimeter waves [Craig and Levy, 1991]. PCPEM does not use the terrain profile as input except in the sense of a smooth spherical Earth.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A line‐of‐sight propagation model for calculating atmospheric, sea, terrain multipath, and clutter at microwave frequencies

Ott¹

1997

Radio Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Parabolic equation modelling of the effects of multipath and ducting on radar systems

Cited by 71 publications

References 4 publications

Brief review on PE method application to propagation channel modeling in sea environment

Brief review on PE method application to propagation channel modeling in sea environment

Parabolic Equation Solution of Tropospheric Wave Propagation Using Fem

A line‐of‐sight propagation model for calculating atmospheric, sea, terrain multipath, and clutter at microwave frequencies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About