Parabolic‐equation‐based study of ducting effects on microwave propagation

Sirkova, I.; Mikhalev, M. A.

doi:10.1002/mop.20314

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Nevertheless, propagation calculations and measurements have shown this neutral profile is a good practical approximation to the average behavior of the M (z) [30] and (16) has been widely used as input to propagation modeling under evaporation duct conditions [7,8,14,17,30]. Further discussion on the profile (16) may be found in [9].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ducting is present for small percent of time but it seriously influences the radar [3,4] and communications systems [5][6][7][8] working in the microwave range: the rays' bending under ducting differs from that for standard troposphere and provokes erroneous precipitation detection by ground-based meteorological radars, the electromagnetic energy trapping within the ducts leads to trans-horizon signal propagation, reflections from upper refractive layers cause mulipath fading, etc. Depending on the physical mechanism of their formation, the tropospheric ducts are subdivided in different types -here we are interested in evaporation ducts for which the negative gradient of M is due to evaporation from large bodies of water [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Propagation Factor and Path Loss Simulation Results for Two Rough Surface Reflection Coefficients Applied to the Microwave Ducting Propagation Over the Sea

Sirkova

2011

PIER M

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Abstract-The performance assessment of maritime microwave communications and radar systems requires accounting simultaneously for the non-homogeneous propagation medium over the sea and the rough sea surface scattering. The tropospheric ducting, specific for over water propagation, is one of the most difficult to treat propagation mechanisms. The proposed work combines a recently published in the literature phase correction, responsible for the shadowing effects, to the Ament rough surface reflection coefficient and the Parabolic Equation method (as implemented in the Advanced Propagation Model) to simulate the microwave propagation over the sea under evaporation duct conditions. Propagation factor and path loss results calculated for phase-corrected Ament, non-phase-corrected Ament and the other widely used, Miller-Brown, rough surface reflection coefficient are compared and discussed. The main effects from the accounting of the shadowing result in the shift of the interference minima and maxima of the propagation factor, changes in the path loss pattern and destruction of the trapping property of the duct.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation Factor and Path Loss Simulation Results for Two Rough Surface Reflection Coefficients Applied to the Microwave Ducting Propagation Over the Sea

Sirkova

2011

PIER M

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“…The physics behind this profile, based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, is explained elsewhere [7,108,109]. As indicated by Paulus and Anderson [111], (20) is a good practical approximation to the average M( ) profile, and has been widely used as input to the PE propagation model applied under evaporation duct conditions [27,33,40,73,97,[111][112][113][114][115]. Equation (20), however, has been obtained assuming thermally neutral troposphere stratification and does not account for the tropospheric stability effects on the M profile [7,29,33].…”

Section: Modeling Of the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PE uses meteorological parameters as input, allows application of complex boundary conditions and inclusion of different antenna patterns. Due to these characteristics and the demonstrated operability, the PE has become a preferred method for solving microwave propagation prediction/assessment problems requiring simultaneous accounting for terrain irregularities and clear air propagation mechanisms such as tropospheric ducting [16,27,29,31,32,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. The goal of this work is to summarize the PE method theory and its application to tropospheric radio propagation modeling in coastal and maritime environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief review on PE method application to propagation channel modeling in sea environment

Sirkova

2011

Open Engineering

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This work provides an introduction to one of the most widely used advanced methods for wave propagation modeling, the Parabolic Equation (PE) method, with emphasis on its application to tropospheric radio propagation in coastal and maritime regions. The assumptions of the derivation, the advantages and drawbacks of the PE, the numerical methods for solving it, and the boundary and initial conditions for its application to the tropospheric propagation problem are briefly discussed. More details are given for the split-step Fourier-transform (SSF) solution of the PE. The environmental input to the PE, the methods for tropospheric refractivity profiling, their accuracy, limitations, and the average refractivity modeling are also summarized. The reported results illustrate the application of finite element (FE) based and SSF-based solutions of the PE for one of the most difficult to treat propagation mechanisms, yet of great significance for the performance of radars and communications links working in coastal and maritime zones -the tropospheric ducting mechanism. Recent achievements, some unresolved issues and ongoing developments related to further improvements of the PE method application to the propagation channel modeling in sea environment are highlighted.

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“…Ducting may also affect radio communications links [4,5], or falsely extend the apparent radar range of a target on or near the sea surface [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ducting and Turbulence Effects on Radio-Wave Propagation in an Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Chou¹,

Kiang²

2014

PIER B

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Abstract-The split-step Fourier (SSF) algorithm is applied to simulate the propagation of radio waves in an atmospheric duct. The refractive-index fluctuation in the ducts is assumed to follow a twodimensional Kolmogorov power spectrum, which is derived from its three-dimensional counterpart via the Wiener-Khinchin theorem. The measured profiles of temperature, humidity and wind speed in the Gulf area on April 28, 1996, are used to derive the average refractive index and the scaling parameters in order to estimate the outer scale and the structure constant of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Simulation results show significant turbulence effects above sea in daytime, under stable conditions, which are attributed to the presence of atmospheric ducts. Weak turbulence effects are observed over lands in daytime, under unstable conditions, in which the high surface temperature prevents the formation of ducts.

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Parabolic‐equation‐based study of ducting effects on microwave propagation

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Propagation Factor and Path Loss Simulation Results for Two Rough Surface Reflection Coefficients Applied to the Microwave Ducting Propagation Over the Sea

Propagation Factor and Path Loss Simulation Results for Two Rough Surface Reflection Coefficients Applied to the Microwave Ducting Propagation Over the Sea

Brief review on PE method application to propagation channel modeling in sea environment

Ducting and Turbulence Effects on Radio-Wave Propagation in an Atmospheric Boundary Layer

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