Para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) in canid pest ejectors (CPEs) kills wild dogs and European red foxes quickly and humanely

Allen, Benjamin L.

doi:10.1007/s11356-019-04818-7

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…There is an increasing movement toward the development of oral toxicants whose primary mode of action is through acute methemoglobinemia because this pathway is relatively humane [29][30][31][32][33] . Rapid induction of acute methemoglobinemia induces unconsciousness and death with minimal symptoms of distress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lethal methemoglobinemia in the invasive brown treesnake after acetaminophen ingestion

Mathies

Mauldin

2020

Sci Rep

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the invasive brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) has extirpated much of Guam's native birdlife and poses significant threats to other parts of the western Pacific. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a proven lethal oral toxicant in reptiles but the physiological mechanism is unknown. The effects of a lethal APAP oral dose on methemoglobin (MetHb, non-oxygen carrying form) levels and other blood parameters were examined in brown treesnakes. Co-oximetry was used to measure MetHb (%) and other hemoglobin species. Assessment of red blood cell integrity, white blood cell differential counts, and plasma biochemical analyses were conducted to evaluate tissue damage, stress, and liver function. Changes in oxygen carrying capacity were noted in APAP-treated snakes indicated by a 50-60% increase in methemoglobin levels and a 40% decrease in oxyhemoglobin (oxygen-carrying form) levels compared to controls. APAP-treated snakes had decreased lymphocyte and increased monocyte counts while also having increased levels of blood analytes associate with impaired liver function and muscle damage. the proximate cause of death in APAP-treated snakes was likely acute methemoglobinemia and respiratory failure due to severe hypoxia with no observed signs of distress or pain. An orally-ingested lethal dose of APAP appears to be a humane method for lethal control of this species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lethal methemoglobinemia in the invasive brown treesnake after acetaminophen ingestion

Mathies

Mauldin

2020

Sci Rep

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“…CPEs are an Australian derivative of the 'M-44' or 'humane coyote getter', as they are known elsewhere (Allen 2019). CPEs are mechanical devices that are buried partly in the ground, with a baited lure head, containing a sealed toxicant capsule, remaining exposed above ground level.…”

Section: Fox Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of methods for monitoring a sparse population of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) subject to lethal control using GPS telemetry, camera traps and sand plots

Carter

Potts²,

Stephens

et al. 2022

Wildlife Res.

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Context. The introduced red fox has driven the decline or extinction of numerous wildlife species in Australia, yet little information exists on the population densities of foxes in most ecosystems. Fox monitoring programs will differ widely depending on the goals of management, which, in turn, will determine whether the appropriate metric is a density estimate, or some proxy thereof, and the time and resources required. Aims. This study aims to assist wildlife managers to design fit-forpurpose monitoring programs for foxes by providing a better understanding of the utility and precision of various monitoring methods. Methods. We surveyed foxes monthly over four consecutive years in a semi-arid region of Australia by using sand plots, camera traps and GPS telemetry. The resultant data were used to produce population estimates from one count-based method, two spatially explicit methods, and two activity indices. Key results. The incorporation of GPS-collar data into the spatial capture-recapture approaches greatly reduced uncertainty in estimates of abundance. Activity indices from sand plots were generally higher and more variable than were indices derived from camera traps, whereas estimates from N-mixture models appeared to be biased high. Conclusions. Our study indicated that the Allen-Engeman index derived from camera-trap data provided an accurate reflection of change in the underlying fox density, even as density declined towards zero following introduction of lethal control. This method provides an efficient means to detect large shifts in abundance, whether up or down, which may trigger a change to more laborious, but precise, population monitoring methods. If accuracy is paramount (e.g. for reintroduction programs) spatially explicit methods augmented with GPS data provide robust estimates, albeit at a greater cost in resources and expertise than does an index. Implications. Our study demonstrated that the shorter the survey period is, the greater is the likelihood that foxes are present but not detected. As such, if limited resources are available, longer monitoring periods conducted less frequently will provide a more accurate reflection of the underlying fox population than do shorter monitoring periods conducted more often.

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The effect of device density on encounters by a mobile urban carnivore: Implications for managing peri-urban wild dogs

Harriott¹,

Allen

Gentle³

2021

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) in canid pest ejectors (CPEs) kills wild dogs and European red foxes quickly and humanely

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Lethal methemoglobinemia in the invasive brown treesnake after acetaminophen ingestion

Lethal methemoglobinemia in the invasive brown treesnake after acetaminophen ingestion

A comparison of methods for monitoring a sparse population of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) subject to lethal control using GPS telemetry, camera traps and sand plots

The effect of device density on encounters by a mobile urban carnivore: Implications for managing peri-urban wild dogs

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