Papillomavirus DNA is not Amplifiable from Bladder, Lung, or Mammary Gland Cancers in Dogs or Cats

Abstract

Simple SummaryPapillomaviruses (PVs) are well established to cause genital and oral cancer in humans. Additionally, some evidence suggests that these viruses may also have a role in the development of human lung, breast, and bladder cancer. Recent studies have revealed that PVs can influence the development of some cancers in cats and, less frequently, in dogs. In the present study, 47 lung, mammary gland, and bladder cancers in dogs and 25 cancers in cats were evaluated for evidence of any role PVs may have in cancer development. Histology did not reveal any lesions suggestive of PV infection, and no PV DNA was amplified from any cancer. Therefore, these findings suggest that PVs do not frequently infect these tissues and are therefore unlikely to be significant factors in the development of lung, mammary gland, or bladder cancer in either dogs or cats.AbstractPapillomaviruses (PVs) cause around 5% of all human cancers, including most cervical cancers and around a quarter of all oral cancers. Additionally, some studies have suggested that PVs could cause a proportion of human lung, breast, and bladder cancers. As PVs have been associated with skin cancer in cats and, more rarely, dogs, it was hypothesized that these viruses could also contribute to epithelial cancers of the lung, mammary gland, and bladder of dogs and cats. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of 47 canine and 25 feline cancers were examined histologically for evidence of PV infection. Additionally, three sets of consensus PCR primers were used to amplify PV DNA from the samples. No histological evidence of PV infection was visible in any of the cancers. DNA from a bovine PV type was amplified from one sample, while two different samples were found to contain human PV DNA. However, these were considered to be contaminants, and no canine or feline PV types were amplified from any of the cancers. These results suggest that PVs do not frequently infect the lung, mammary gland, or bladder of dogs and cats and therefore are unlikely to be significant factors in the development of cancers in these tissues.

Squamous cell carcinoma in a digit of the hind limb with systemic metastasis in a 17-year-old female koala

“…We did not detect the genes of KoAA1 and other papillomavirus using DNA isolation from paraffin blocks using a NucleoSpin ® DNA FFPE XS (MACHEREY-NAGEL, Düren, Germany) and the primer sets (FAP59 and FAP64, and KoPVFAP59 and KoPVFAP64) [ 2 ]. The results were consistent with the histopathological findings that we did not observe papillomavirus-related cytopathology, epidermal cells with extended grayish blue cytoplasm and koilocytes with dark shrunken nuclei surrounded by a clear cytoplasm [ 10 , 12 ].…”

Long‐term recurrent, yet nonprogressive, pedal viral papillomas in a dog

“…4 The consensus primers FAP59/64 and CP4/5 were used with no template DNA added to the negative controls. 5 Amplicons were purified and sequenced as described previously. 4 Both primer sets amplified DNA sequences from each papilloma that were identical to previously deposited CPV-1 DNA sequences in GenBank (D55633).…”

“…Total DNA was extracted from shavings of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks of each of the papillomas that had been submitted for histological evaluation as described previously 4 . The consensus primers FAP59/64 and CP4/5 were used with no template DNA added to the negative controls 5 . Amplicons were purified and sequenced as described previously 4 .…”

Detection of a Putative Novel Papillomavirus Type within a Large Exophytic Papilloma on the Fetlock of a Horse

“…Primers used to amplify DNA included the consensus primers FAP59/64, which were designed to amplify a variety of human cutaneous PV types, MY09/11, which were designed to amplify a variety of human mucosal PV types, and CP4/5 that amplify the E1 ORF of a variety of human and non-human PV types. DNA was extracted from an equine penile papilloma that contained EcPV2 DNA as a positive control for the FAP59/64 and MY09/11 primers and DNA was extracted from a canine oral papilloma that contained Canis familiaris PV1 DNA for the CP4/5 primers [ 15 ]. No template DNA was added to the negative controls.…”

“…No template DNA was added to the negative controls. Amplified DNA was sequenced as previously described [ 15 ] and the NCBI Blast tool was used to compare the sequences to those previously deposited in GenBank.…”