Papillomavirus can be transmitted through the blood and produce infections in blood recipients: Evidence from two animal models

Abstract

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) contribute to most cervical cancers and are considered to be sexually transmitted. However, papillomaviruses are often found in cancers of internal organs, including the stomach, raising the question as to how the viruses gain access to these sites. A possible connection between blood transfusion and HPV-associated disease has not received much attention. Here we show, in rabbit and mouse models, that blood infected with papillomavirus yields infections at permissive sites with detectable viral DNA, RNA transcripts, and protein products. The rabbit skin tumours induced via blood infection displayed decreased expression of SLN, TAC1, MYH8, PGAM2, and APOBEC2 and increased expression of SDRC7, KRT16, S100A9, IL36G, and FABP9, as seen in tumours induced by local infections. Furthermore, we demonstrate that blood from infected mice can transmit the infection to uninfected animals. Finally, we demonstrate the presence of papillomavirus infections and virus-induced hyperplasia in the stomach tissues of animals infected via the blood. These results indicate that blood transmission could be another route for papillomavirus infection, implying that the human blood supply, which is not screened for papillomaviruses, could be a potential source of HPV infection as well as subsequent cancers in tissues not normally associated with the viruses.

Digital droplet PCR for the detection and quantification of circulating bovine Deltapapillomavirus

“…showing that these viruses can produce infection via the bloodstream in some animal models appear to strengthen our suggestions (Cladel et al, 2019). Furthermore, it is believed that blood could be an actual route of HPV dissemination as the virus has been found…”

Transcriptomic Analysis of the Mechanisms for Alleviating Psoriatic Dermatitis Using Taodan Granules in an Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Mouse Model

“…Meanwhile, Sardh has been reported to reduce sarcosine levels and attenuate the invasion of DU145 prostate cancer cells ( Khan et al, 2013 ). Pgam2 is a crucial enzyme involved in glycolysis related to oxidative stress, and decreased expression of Pgam2 was observed in proliferative disease induced by local infections ( Cladel et al, 2019 ). In addition, clinical evidence has suggested that Sdsl has specific protein expression in peripheral cholangiocarcinoma ( Darby et al, 2010 ).…”

Dynamics of papillomavirus in vivo disease formation & susceptibility to high-level disinfection—Implications for transmission in clinical settings

“…Antibodies used included rabbit anti-MmuPV1 L1 and E4 (developed in the lab, 1:200 for immunofluorescence), and mouse anti-HPV18, HPV-16 and MmuPV1 neutralising antibodies (which were a gift of Neil Christensen, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 1:200 for neutralising assay) [21] , [22] , [23] .…”